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Text -- Genesis 14:1-19 (NET)

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Context
The Blessing of Victory for God’s People
14:1 At that time Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Kedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations 14:2 went to war against Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar). 14:3 These last five kings joined forces in the Valley of Siddim (that is, the Salt Sea). 14:4 For twelve years they had served Kedorlaomer, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled. 14:5 In the fourteenth year, Kedorlaomer and the kings who were his allies came and defeated the Rephaites in Ashteroth Karnaim, the Zuzites in Ham, the Emites in Shaveh Kiriathaim, 14:6 and the Horites in their hill country of Seir, as far as El Paran, which is near the desert. 14:7 Then they attacked En Mishpat (that is, Kadesh) again, and they conquered all the territory of the Amalekites, as well as the Amorites who were living in Hazazon Tamar. 14:8 Then the king of Sodom, the king of Gomorrah, the king of Admah, the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar) went out and prepared for battle. In the Valley of Siddim they met 14:9 Kedorlaomer king of Elam, Tidal king of nations, Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar. Four kings fought against five. 14:10 Now the Valley of Siddim was full of tar pits. When the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, they fell into them, but some survivors fled to the hills. 14:11 The four victorious kings took all the possessions and food of Sodom and Gomorrah and left. 14:12 They also took Abram’s nephew Lot and his possessions when they left, for Lot was living in Sodom. 14:13 A fugitive came and told Abram the Hebrew. Now Abram was living by the oaks of Mamre the Amorite, the brother of Eshcol and Aner. (All these were allied by treaty with Abram.) 14:14 When Abram heard that his nephew had been taken captive, he mobilized his 318 trained men who had been born in his household, and he pursued the invaders as far as Dan. 14:15 Then, during the night, Abram divided his forces against them and defeated them. He chased them as far as Hobah, which is north of Damascus. 14:16 He retrieved all the stolen property. He also brought back his nephew Lot and his possessions, as well as the women and the rest of the people. 14:17 After Abram returned from defeating Kedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, the king of Sodom went out to meet Abram in the Valley of Shaveh (known as the King’s Valley). 14:18 Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine. (Now he was the priest of the Most High God.) 14:19 He blessed Abram, saying, “Blessed be Abram by the Most High God, Creator of heaven and earth.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Abram the son of Terah of Shem
 · Admah a town destroyed with Sodom
 · Amalekites members of the nation of Amalek
 · Amorite members of a pre-Israel Semitic tribe from Mesopotamia
 · Amorites members of a pre-Israel Semitic tribe from Mesopotamia
 · Amraphel king of Shinar in the days of Abraham
 · Aner an Amorite chief who was an ally of Abram,a town in the territory of Manasseh given to the Kohathites
 · Arioch king of Ellasar, a town in Mesopotamia,the captain of the Nebuchadnezzar's guard
 · Ashteroth-karnaim a town of Manasseh about 35 km east of the sea of Chinnereth
 · Ashteroth-Karnaim a town of Manasseh about 35 km east of the sea of Chinnereth
 · Bela a town near the south end of the Dead Sea,son of Beor; first king of Edom,son of Benjamin son of Israel,son of Azaz; a leader in the tribe of Reuben
 · Bera king of Sodom in Abraham's time
 · Birsha king of Gomorrah in Abraham's time
 · Ched-Or-Laomer king of Elam in the time of Abraham
 · Damascus a city-state in Syria, located near Mt. Hermon at the edge of the Syrian desert (OS),a town near Mt. Hermon at the edge of the Syrian desert (OS)
 · Dan residents of the town of Dan; members of the tribe of Dan,the tribe of Dan as a whole; the descendants of Dan in Israel
 · El-Paran a place (town?) at edge of the wilderness, see Gen. 21:21,a town on the wilderness border of the land of Seir
 · El-paran a place (town?) at edge of the wilderness, see Gen. 21:21,a town on the wilderness border of the land of Seir
 · Elam son of Shem son of Noah,a country east of the Tigris and Babylon in the territory of Media,son of Shashak of Benjamin,son of Meshelemiah; a Levite gatekeeper,a man whose descendants returned from exile in Babylon; Elam I,forefather of exile returnees with Zerubbabel; Elam II,forefather of returnees headed by Jeshaiah,forefather of Shecaniah who had to put away his heathen wife,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law,a priest who helped Nehemiah dedicate the new wall of Jerusalem
 · Ellasar a town in Mesopotamia
 · Emim a tall people who lived east of the Jordan before Israel came
 · Enmishpat an oasis 100 km south of Gaza & 120 km NNW of Ezion-Geber
 · Eshcol brother of Mamre and Aner, Amorites who were allies of Abraham,a valley near Hebron, presumably where Eshcol once lived
 · Goiim a country defeated by Abraham,a country or town defeated by Joshua
 · Gomorrah an ancient city known for its sin whose ruins are said to be visible from the Masada,a town destroyed with Sodom by burning sulphur
 · Ham a man and nation; son of Noah,a country occupied by the descendants of Ham
 · Hazazon-tamar an oasis town in the desert of Judah by the Dead Sea
 · Hazazon-Tamar an oasis town in the desert of Judah by the Dead Sea
 · Hebrew a person descended from Heber; an ancient Jew; a Hebrew speaking Jew,any Jew, but particularly one who spoke the Hebrew language
 · Hobah a place north of Damascus to which Abraham pursued his enemies
 · Horite resident(s) of the region of Mount Seir
 · more...


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Abraham | Chedorlaomer | Lot | Tidal | Sodom | Amorites | Amraphel | Damascus | SIDDIM, VALE OF | CANAAN; CANAANITES | ARCHAEOLOGY; ARCHAEOLOGY AND CRITICISM | ADAM IN THE NEW TESTAMENT | CHRONOLOGY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT | ARMY | BABYLONIA | ELAM; ELAMITES | LOT (1) | PENTATEUCH, 2B | PENTATEUCH, 3 | Babylon | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Gen 14:1 Or “king of Goyim.” The Hebrew term גּוֹיִם (goyim) means “nations,” but a number of...

NET Notes: Gen 14:2 On the geographical background of vv. 1-2 see J. P. Harland, “Sodom and Gomorrah,” The Biblical Archaeologist Reader, 1:41-75; and D. N. F...

NET Notes: Gen 14:3 The Salt Sea is the older name for the Dead Sea.

NET Notes: Gen 14:4 The story serves as a foreshadowing of the plight of the kingdom of Israel later. Eastern powers came and forced the western kingdoms into submission....

NET Notes: Gen 14:5 The Hebrew verb נָכָה (nakhah) means “to attack, to strike, to smite.” In this context it appears that the s...

NET Notes: Gen 14:6 The line of attack ran down the eastern side of the Jordan Valley into the desert, and then turned and came up the valley to the cities of the plain.

NET Notes: Gen 14:7 Heb “they returned and came to En Mishpat (that is, Kadesh).” The two verbs together form a verbal hendiadys, the first serving as the adv...

NET Notes: Gen 14:8 Heb “against.”

NET Notes: Gen 14:9 The Hebrew text has simply “against.” The word “fought” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

NET Notes: Gen 14:10 The reference to the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah must mean the kings along with their armies. Most of them were defeated in the valley, but some of th...

NET Notes: Gen 14:11 Heb “they”; the referent (the four victorious kings, see v. 9) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: Gen 14:12 This disjunctive clause is circumstantial/causal, explaining that Lot was captured because he was living in Sodom at the time.

NET Notes: Gen 14:13 This parenthetical disjunctive clause explains how Abram came to be living in their territory, but it also explains why they must go to war with Abram...

NET Notes: Gen 14:14 The use of the name Dan reflects a later perspective. The Danites did not migrate to this northern territory until centuries later (see Judg 18:29). F...

NET Notes: Gen 14:15 Heb “left.” Directions in ancient Israel were given in relation to the east rather than the north.

NET Notes: Gen 14:16 The phrase “the rest of “ has been supplied in the translation for clarification.

NET Notes: Gen 14:17 The King’s Valley is possibly a reference to what came to be known later as the Kidron Valley.

NET Notes: Gen 14:18 It is his royal priestly status that makes Melchizedek a type of Christ: He was identified with Jerusalem, superior to the ancestor of Israel, and bot...

NET Notes: Gen 14:19 The terms translated “heaven” and “earth” are both objective genitives after the participle in construct.

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