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Text -- Isaiah 13:1--14:27 (NET)

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Context
The Lord Will Judge Babylon
13:1 This is a message about Babylon that God revealed to Isaiah son of Amoz: 13:2 On a bare hill raise a signal flag, shout to them, wave your hand, so they might enter the gates of the princes! 13:3 I have given orders to my chosen soldiers; I have summoned the warriors through whom I will vent my anger, my boasting, arrogant ones. 13:4 There is a loud noise on the mountains– it sounds like a large army! There is great commotion among the kingdoms– nations are being assembled! The Lord who commands armies is mustering forces for battle. 13:5 They come from a distant land, from the horizon. It is the Lord with his instruments of judgment, coming to destroy the whole earth. 13:6 Wail, for the Lord’s day of judgment is near; it comes with all the destructive power of the sovereign judge. 13:7 For this reason all hands hang limp, every human heart loses its courage. 13:8 They panic– cramps and pain seize hold of them like those of a woman who is straining to give birth. They look at one another in astonishment; their faces are flushed red. 13:9 Look, the Lord’s day of judgment is coming; it is a day of cruelty and savage, raging anger, destroying the earth and annihilating its sinners. 13:10 Indeed the stars in the sky and their constellations no longer give out their light; the sun is darkened as soon as it rises, and the moon does not shine. 13:11 I will punish the world for its evil, and wicked people for their sin. I will put an end to the pride of the insolent, I will bring down the arrogance of tyrants. 13:12 I will make human beings more scarce than pure gold, and people more scarce than gold from Ophir. 13:13 So I will shake the heavens, and the earth will shake loose from its foundation, because of the fury of the Lord who commands armies, in the day he vents his raging anger. 13:14 Like a frightened gazelle or a sheep with no shepherd, each will turn toward home, each will run to his homeland. 13:15 Everyone who is caught will be stabbed; everyone who is seized will die by the sword. 13:16 Their children will be smashed to pieces before their very eyes; their houses will be looted and their wives raped. 13:17 Look, I am stirring up the Medes to attack them; they are not concerned about silver, nor are they interested in gold. 13:18 Their arrows will cut young men to ribbons; they have no compassion on a person’s offspring, they will not look with pity on children. 13:19 Babylon, the most admired of kingdoms, the Chaldeans’ source of honor and pride, will be destroyed by God just as Sodom and Gomorrah were. 13:20 No one will live there again; no one will ever reside there again. No bedouin will camp there, no shepherds will rest their flocks there. 13:21 Wild animals will rest there, the ruined houses will be full of hyenas. Ostriches will live there, wild goats will skip among the ruins. 13:22 Wild dogs will yip in her ruined fortresses, jackals will yelp in the once-splendid palaces. Her time is almost up, her days will not be prolonged. 14:1 The Lord will certainly have compassion on Jacob; he will again choose Israel as his special people and restore them to their land. Resident foreigners will join them and unite with the family of Jacob. 14:2 Nations will take them and bring them back to their own place. Then the family of Jacob will make foreigners their servants as they settle in the Lord’s land. They will make their captors captives and rule over the ones who oppressed them. 14:3 When the Lord gives you relief from your suffering and anxiety, and from the hard labor which you were made to perform, 14:4 you will taunt the king of Babylon with these words: “Look how the oppressor has met his end! Hostility has ceased! 14:5 The Lord has broken the club of the wicked, the scepter of rulers. 14:6 It furiously struck down nations with unceasing blows. It angrily ruled over nations, oppressing them without restraint. 14:7 The whole earth rests and is quiet; they break into song. 14:8 The evergreens also rejoice over your demise, as do the cedars of Lebanon, singing, ‘Since you fell asleep, no woodsman comes up to chop us down!’ 14:9 Sheol below is stirred up about you, ready to meet you when you arrive. It rouses the spirits of the dead for you, all the former leaders of the earth; it makes all the former kings of the nations rise from their thrones. 14:10 All of them respond to you, saying: ‘You too have become weak like us! You have become just like us! 14:11 Your splendor has been brought down to Sheol, as well as the sound of your stringed instruments. You lie on a bed of maggots, with a blanket of worms over you. 14:12 Look how you have fallen from the sky, O shining one, son of the dawn! You have been cut down to the ground, O conqueror of the nations! 14:13 You said to yourself, “I will climb up to the sky. Above the stars of El I will set up my throne. I will rule on the mountain of assembly on the remote slopes of Zaphon. 14:14 I will climb up to the tops of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High!” 14:15 But you were brought down to Sheol, to the remote slopes of the pit. 14:16 Those who see you stare at you, they look at you carefully, thinking: “Is this the man who shook the earth, the one who made kingdoms tremble? 14:17 Is this the one who made the world like a desert, who ruined its cities, and refused to free his prisoners so they could return home?”’ 14:18 As for all the kings of the nations, all of them lie down in splendor, each in his own tomb. 14:19 But you have been thrown out of your grave like a shoot that is thrown away. You lie among the slain, among those who have been slashed by the sword, among those headed for the stones of the pit, as if you were a mangled corpse. 14:20 You will not be buried with them, because you destroyed your land and killed your people. The offspring of the wicked will never be mentioned again. 14:21 Prepare to execute his sons for the sins their ancestors have committed. They must not rise up and take possession of the earth, or fill the surface of the world with cities.” 14:22 “I will rise up against them,” says the Lord who commands armies. “I will blot out all remembrance of Babylon and destroy all her people, including the offspring she produces,” says the Lord. 14:23 “I will turn her into a place that is overrun with wild animals and covered with pools of stagnant water. I will get rid of her, just as one sweeps away dirt with a broom,” says the Lord who commands armies. 14:24 The Lord who commands armies makes this solemn vow: “Be sure of this: Just as I have intended, so it will be; just as I have planned, it will happen. 14:25 I will break Assyria in my land, I will trample them underfoot on my hills. Their yoke will be removed from my people, the burden will be lifted from their shoulders. 14:26 This is the plan I have devised for the whole earth; my hand is ready to strike all the nations.” 14:27 Indeed, the Lord who commands armies has a plan, and who can possibly frustrate it? His hand is ready to strike, and who can possibly stop it?
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Amoz father of the prophet Isaiah
 · Arab the entire region of the Arabian Peninsula, the Sinai Peninsula, the land of Edom, and all the land between the Jordan Valley and the Euphrates River (ZD).,a region of desert plains
 · Assyria a member of the nation of Assyria
 · Assyrian a member of the nation of Assyria
 · Babylon a country of Babylon in lower Mesopotamia
 · Gomorrah an ancient city known for its sin whose ruins are said to be visible from the Masada,a town destroyed with Sodom by burning sulphur
 · Isaiah a son of Amoz; a prophet active in Judah from about 740 to 701 B.C.,son of Amoz; a major prophet in the time of Hezekiah
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Jacob the second so of a pair of twins born to Isaac and Rebeccaa; ancestor of the 12 tribes of Israel,the nation of Israel,a person, male,son of Isaac; Israel the man and nation
 · Lebanon a mountain range and the adjoining regions (IBD)
 · Medes the inhabitants of Media, a region south and southwest of the Caspian Sea in the Zagros mountains,a people and a nation
 · Ophir son of Joktan of Shem,a region in southern Arabia known for its gold
 · Pit the place of the dead
 · pit the place of the dead
 · Sheol the place of the dead
 · Sodom an ancient town somewhere in the region of the Dead Sea that God destroyed with burning sulphur,a town 25 km south of Gomorrah and Masada


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Babylon | Isaiah | ISAIAH, 8-9 | Isaiah, The Book of | ISAIAH, 1-7 | SHEOL | EZEKIEL, 1 | ASTRONOMY, II | ISAIAH, BOOK OF | PROVERB | Rulers | God | Cyrus | War | Nation | Pride | SATYR | Gold | Hell | Ambition | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Isa 13:1 Heb “The message [traditionally, “burden”] [about] Babylon which Isaiah son of Amoz saw.”

NET Notes: Isa 13:2 The Lord is speaking here (see v. 3).

NET Notes: Isa 13:3 Heb “the boasting ones of my pride”; cf. ASV, NASB, NRSV “my proudly exulting ones.”

NET Notes: Isa 13:4 Heb “a sound, tumult of kingdoms.”

NET Notes: Isa 13:5 Or perhaps, “land” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NLT). Even though the heading and subsequent context (see v. 17) indicate Babylon’s judgment ...

NET Notes: Isa 13:6 The divine name used here is שַׁדַּי (shaddai, “Shaddai”). Shaddai (or El Shaddai) is the sovere...

NET Notes: Isa 13:7 Heb “melts” (so NAB).

NET Notes: Isa 13:8 Heb “their faces are faces of flames.” Their faces are flushed with fear and embarrassment.

NET Notes: Isa 13:9 Or “land” (KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NLT).

NET Notes: Isa 13:10 Heb “does not shed forth its light.”

NET Notes: Isa 13:11 Or perhaps, “the violent”; cf. NASB, NIV “the ruthless.”

NET Notes: Isa 13:12 The verb is supplied in the translation from the first line. The verb in the first line (“I will make scarce”) does double duty in the par...

NET Notes: Isa 13:13 Heb “and in the day of the raging of his anger.”

NET Notes: Isa 13:14 Heb “his people” (cf. KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV) or “his nation” (cf. TEV “their own countries”).

NET Notes: Isa 13:15 Heb “will fall” (so KJV, NIV, NRSV); NLT “will be run through with a sword.”

NET Notes: Isa 13:17 They cannot be bought off, for they have a lust for bloodshed.

NET Notes: Isa 13:18 Heb “their eye does not.” Here “eye” is a metonymy for the whole person.

NET Notes: Isa 13:19 Heb “and Babylon…will be like the overthrow by God of Sodom and Gomorrah.” On מַהְפֵּ•...

NET Notes: Isa 13:20 The words “their flocks” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The Hebrew text does not supply the object here, but see Jer 3...

NET Notes: Isa 13:21 Heb “will skip there.”

NET Notes: Isa 13:22 When was the prophecy of Babylon’s fall fulfilled? Some argue that the prophecy was fulfilled in 689 b.c. when the Assyrians under Sennacherib s...

NET Notes: Isa 14:1 Heb “house.”

NET Notes: Isa 14:2 Heb “and the house of Jacob will take possession of them [i.e., the nations], on the land of the Lord, as male servants and female servants.R...

NET Notes: Isa 14:3 The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

NET Notes: Isa 14:4 The word in the Hebrew text (מַדְהֵבָה, madhevah) is unattested elsewhere and of uncertain meani...

NET Notes: Isa 14:6 Heb “it was ruling in anger nations [with] oppression without restraint.” The participle (“ruling”) suggests repeated or conti...

NET Notes: Isa 14:8 Heb “the [wood]cutter does not come up against us.”

NET Notes: Isa 14:9 Heb “lifting from their thrones all the kings of the nations.” הֵקִים (heqim, a Hiphil perfect third m...

NET Notes: Isa 14:11 Heb “under you maggots are spread out, and worms are your cover.”

NET Notes: Isa 14:12 In this line the taunting kings hint at the literal identity of the king, after likening him to the god Helel and a tree. The verb גָ•...

NET Notes: Isa 14:13 Zaphon, the Canaanite version of Olympus, was the “mountain of assembly” where the gods met.

NET Notes: Isa 14:14 Normally in the OT the title “Most High” belongs to the God of Israel, but in this context, where the mythological overtones are so strong...

NET Notes: Isa 14:15 The Hebrew term בּוּר (bor, “cistern”) is sometimes used metaphorically to refer to the place of the dead or...

NET Notes: Isa 14:16 The word “thinking” is supplied in the translation in order to make it clear that the next line records their thoughts as they gaze at him...

NET Notes: Isa 14:17 Heb “and his prisoners did not let loose to [their] homes.” This really means, “he did not let loose his prisoners and send them bac...

NET Notes: Isa 14:18 Heb “house” (so KJV, ASV), but in this context a tomb is in view. Note the verb “lie down” in the preceding line and the refer...

NET Notes: Isa 14:19 Heb “like a trampled corpse.” Some take this line with what follows.

NET Notes: Isa 14:20 Heb “you will not be united with them in burial” (so NASB).

NET Notes: Isa 14:21 J. N. Oswalt (Isaiah [NICOT], 1:320, n. 10) suggests that the garrison cities of the mighty empire are in view here.

NET Notes: Isa 14:22 Heb “descendant and child.”

NET Notes: Isa 14:23 Heb “I will sweep her away with the broom of destruction.”

NET Notes: Isa 14:24 Having announced the downfall of the Chaldean empire, the Lord appends to this prophecy a solemn reminder that the Assyrians, the major Mesopotamian p...

NET Notes: Isa 14:25 Heb “and his [i.e., Assyria’s] yoke will be removed from them [the people?], and his [Assyria’s] burden from his [the nation’s...

NET Notes: Isa 14:26 Heb “and this is the hand that is outstretched over all the nations.”

NET Notes: Isa 14:27 Heb “His hand is outstretched and who will turn it back?”

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