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Text -- Jeremiah 50:1-45 (NET)

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Context
Judgment Against Babylon
50:1 The Lord spoke concerning Babylon and the land of Babylonia through the prophet Jeremiah. 50:2 “Announce the news among the nations! Proclaim it! Signal for people to pay attention! Declare the news! Do not hide it! Say: ‘Babylon will be captured. Bel will be put to shame. Marduk will be dismayed. Babylon’s idols will be put to shame. Her disgusting images will be dismayed. 50:3 For a nation from the north will attack Babylon. It will lay her land waste. People and animals will flee out of it. No one will inhabit it.’ 50:4 “When that time comes,” says the Lord, “the people of Israel and Judah will return to the land together. They will come back with tears of repentance as they seek the Lord their God. 50:5 They will ask the way to Zion; they will turn their faces toward it. They will come and bind themselves to the Lord in a lasting covenant that will never be forgotten. 50:6 “My people have been lost sheep. Their shepherds have allow them to go astray. They have wandered around in the mountains. They have roamed from one mountain and hill to another. They have forgotten their resting place. 50:7 All who encountered them devoured them. Their enemies who did this said, ‘We are not liable for punishment! For those people have sinned against the Lord, their true pasture. They have sinned against the Lord in whom their ancestors trusted.’ 50:8 “People of Judah, get out of Babylon quickly! Leave the land of Babylonia! Be the first to depart! Be like the male goats that lead the herd. 50:9 For I will rouse into action and bring against Babylon a host of mighty nations from the land of the north. They will set up their battle lines against her. They will come from the north and capture her. Their arrows will be like a skilled soldier who does not return from the battle empty-handed. 50:10 Babylonia will be plundered. Those who plunder it will take all they want,” says the Lord. 50:11 “People of Babylonia, you plundered my people. That made you happy and glad. You frolic about like calves in a pasture. Your joyous sounds are like the neighs of a stallion. 50:12 But Babylonia will be put to great shame. The land where you were born will be disgraced. Indeed, Babylonia will become the least important of all nations. It will become a dry and barren desert. 50:13 After I vent my wrath on it Babylon will be uninhabited. It will be totally desolate. All who pass by will be filled with horror and will hiss out their scorn because of all the disasters that have happened to it. 50:14 “Take up your battle positions all around Babylon, all you soldiers who are armed with bows. Shoot all your arrows at her! Do not hold any back! For she has sinned against the Lord. 50:15 Shout the battle cry from all around the city. She will throw up her hands in surrender. Her towers will fall. Her walls will be torn down. Because I, the Lord, am wreaking revenge, take out your vengeance on her! Do to her as she has done! 50:16 Kill all the farmers who sow the seed in the land of Babylon. Kill all those who wield the sickle at harvest time. Let all the foreigners return to their own people. Let them hurry back to their own lands to escape destruction by that enemy army. 50:17 “The people of Israel are like scattered sheep which lions have chased away. First the king of Assyria devoured them. Now last of all King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon has gnawed their bones. 50:18 So I, the Lord God of Israel who rules over all, say: ‘I will punish the king of Babylon and his land just as I punished the king of Assyria. 50:19 But I will restore the flock of Israel to their own pasture. They will graze on Mount Carmel and the land of Bashan. They will eat until they are full on the hills of Ephraim and the land of Gilead. 50:20 When that time comes, no guilt will be found in Israel. No sin will be found in Judah. For I will forgive those of them I have allowed to survive. I, the Lord, affirm it!’” 50:21 The Lord says, “Attack the land of Merathaim and the people who live in Pekod! Pursue, kill, and completely destroy them! Do just as I have commanded you! 50:22 The noise of battle can be heard in the land of Babylonia. There is the sound of great destruction. 50:23 Babylon hammered the whole world to pieces. But see how that ‘hammer’ has been broken and shattered! See what an object of horror Babylon has become among the nations! 50:24 I set a trap for you, Babylon; you were caught before you knew it. You fought against me. So you were found and captured. 50:25 I have opened up the place where my weapons are stored. I have brought out the weapons for carrying out my wrath. For I, the Lord God who rules over all, have work to carry out in the land of Babylonia. 50:26 Come from far away and attack Babylonia! Open up the places where she stores her grain! Pile her up in ruins! Destroy her completely! Do not leave anyone alive! 50:27 Kill all her soldiers! Let them be slaughtered! They are doomed, for their day of reckoning has come, the time for them to be punished.” 50:28 Listen! Fugitives and refugees are coming from the land of Babylon. They are coming to Zion to declare there how the Lord our God is getting revenge, getting revenge for what they have done to his temple. 50:29 “Call for archers to come against Babylon! Summon against her all who draw the bow! Set up camp all around the city! Do not allow anyone to escape! Pay her back for what she has done. Do to her what she has done to others. For she has proudly defied me, the Holy One of Israel. 50:30 So her young men will fall in her city squares. All her soldiers will be destroyed at that time,” says the Lord. 50:31 “Listen! I am opposed to you, you proud city,” says the Lord God who rules over all. “Indeed, your day of reckoning has come, the time when I will punish you. 50:32 You will stumble and fall, you proud city; no one will help you get up. I will set fire to your towns; it will burn up everything that surrounds you.” 50:33 The Lord who rules over all says, “The people of Israel are oppressed. So too are the people of Judah. All those who took them captive are holding them prisoners. They refuse to set them free. 50:34 But the one who will rescue them is strong. He is known as the Lord who rules over all. He will strongly champion their cause. As a result he will bring peace and rest to the earth, but trouble and turmoil to the people who inhabit Babylonia. 50:35 “Destructive forces will come against the Babylonians,” says the Lord. “They will come against the people who inhabit Babylonia, against her leaders and her men of wisdom. 50:36 Destructive forces will come against her false prophets; they will be shown to be fools! Destructive forces will come against her soldiers; they will be filled with terror! 50:37 Destructive forces will come against her horses and her chariots. Destructive forces will come against all the foreign troops within her; they will be as frightened as women! Destructive forces will come against her treasures; they will be taken away as plunder! 50:38 A drought will come upon her land; her rivers and canals will be dried up. All of this will happen because her land is filled with idols. Her people act like madmen because of those idols they fear. 50:39 Therefore desert creatures and jackals will live there. Ostriches will dwell in it too. But no people will ever live there again. No one will dwell there for all time to come. 50:40 I will destroy Babylonia just like I did Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighboring towns. No one will live there. No human being will settle in it,” says the Lord. 50:41 “Look! An army is about to come from the north. A mighty nation and many kings are stirring into action in faraway parts of the earth. 50:42 Its soldiers are armed with bows and spears. They are cruel and show no mercy. They sound like the roaring sea as they ride forth on their horses. Lined up in formation like men going into battle, they are coming against you, fair Babylon! 50:43 The king of Babylon will become paralyzed with fear when he hears news of their coming. Anguish will grip him, agony like that of a woman giving birth to a baby. 50:44 “A lion coming up from the thick undergrowth along the Jordan scatters the sheep in the pastureland around it. So too I will chase the Babylonians off of their land. Then I will appoint over it whomever I choose. For there is no one like me. There is no one who can call me to account. There is no ruler that can stand up against me. 50:45 So listen to what I, the Lord, have planned against Babylon, what I intend to do to the people who inhabit the land of Babylonia. Their little ones will be dragged off. I will completely destroy their land because of what they have done.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Assyria a member of the nation of Assyria
 · Babylon a country of Babylon in lower Mesopotamia
 · Bashan a region east of Lake Galilee between Mt. Hermon and Wadi Yarmuk
 · Bel a pagan god of the Babylonians
 · Carmel a woman resident of the town of Carmel
 · Chaldea a region in lower Mesopotamia where the Chaldaeans lived
 · Ephraim the tribe of Ephraim as a whole,the northern kingdom of Israel
 · Gilead a mountainous region east of the Jordan & north of the Arnon to Hermon,son of Machir son of Manasseh; founder of the clan of Gilead,father of Jephthah the judge,son of Michael of the tribe of Gad
 · Gomorrah an ancient city known for its sin whose ruins are said to be visible from the Masada,a town destroyed with Sodom by burning sulphur
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Jeremiah a prophet of Judah in 627 B.C., who wrote the book of Jeremiah,a man of Libnah; father of Hamutal, mother of Jehoahaz, king of Judah,head of an important clan in eastern Manasseh in the time of Jotham,a Benjamite man who defected to David at Ziklag,the fifth of Saul's Gadite officers who defected to David in the wilderness,the tenth of Saul's Gadite officers who defected to David in the wilderness,a man from Anathoth of Benjamin; son of Hilkiah the priest; a major prophet in the time of the exile,an influential priest who returned from exile with Zerubbabel, who later signed the covenant to obey the law, and who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,one of Saul's Gadite officers who defected to David in the wilderness
 · Jordan the river that flows from Lake Galilee to the Dead Sea,a river that begins at Mt. Hermon, flows south through Lake Galilee and on to its end at the Dead Sea 175 km away (by air)
 · Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall
 · Merathaim the region around the mouth of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
 · Merodach a pagan god; chief god of the Babylonians
 · Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon who took Judah into exile
 · Pekod a small Aramaean tribe East of the Lower Tigris (IBD)
 · Sodom an ancient town somewhere in the region of the Dead Sea that God destroyed with burning sulphur,a town 25 km south of Gomorrah and Masada
 · Zion one of the hills on which Jerusalem was built; the temple area; the city of Jerusalem; God's people,a town and citidel; an ancient part of Jerusalem


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Babylon | JEREMIAH (2) | Exile | Seraiah | Church | Merathaim | Pekod | God | Archer | North country | ARMOR; ARMS | Sickle | Hammer | Owl | Carmel | Sheep | Merodach | Infidelity | Backsliders | SIEGE | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Jer 50:1 Heb “The word which the Lord spoke concerning Babylon, concerning the land of the Chaldeans by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet.”

NET Notes: Jer 50:2 This refers to the fact that the idols that the Babylonians worshiped will not be able to protect them, but will instead be carried off into exile wit...

NET Notes: Jer 50:3 A nation from the north refers to Medo-Persia which at the time of the conquest of Babylon in 539 b.c. had conquered all the nations to the north, the...

NET Notes: Jer 50:4 Heb “and the children of Israel will come, they and the children of Judah together. They shall go, weeping as they go, and they will seek the Lo...

NET Notes: Jer 50:5 See Jer 32:40 and the study note there for the nature of this lasting agreement.

NET Notes: Jer 50:6 The allusion here, if it is not merely a part of the metaphor of the wandering sheep, is to the worship of the false gods on the high hills (2:20, 3:2...

NET Notes: Jer 50:7 These two verses appear to be a poetical summary of the argument of Jer 2 where the nation is accused of abandoning its loyalty to God and worshiping ...

NET Notes: Jer 50:8 The words “Be the first to leave” are not in the text but spell out the significance of the simile that follows. They have been supplied i...

NET Notes: Jer 50:9 I.e., none of the arrows misses its mark.

NET Notes: Jer 50:10 Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”

NET Notes: Jer 50:11 Heb “Though you rejoice, though you exult, you who have plundered my heritage, though you frolic like calves in a pasture and neigh like stallio...

NET Notes: Jer 50:12 Heb “Behold.” For the use of this particle see the translator’s note on 1:6.

NET Notes: Jer 50:13 Compare Jer 49:17 and the study note there and see also the study notes on 18:16 and 19:8.

NET Notes: Jer 50:14 Heb “Shoot at her! Don’t save any arrows!”

NET Notes: Jer 50:15 Heb “Because it is the Lord’s vengeance.” The first person has again been used because the Lord is the speaker and the nominal expre...

NET Notes: Jer 50:16 Heb “Because of [or out of fear of] the sword of the oppressor, let each of them turn toward his [own] people and each of them flee to his [own]...

NET Notes: Jer 50:17 If the prophecies which are referred to in Jer 51:59-64 refer to all that is contained in Jer 50–51 (as some believe), this would have referred ...

NET Notes: Jer 50:18 Heb “Therefore thus says Yahweh of armies, the God of Israel.” The first person is again adopted because the Lord is speaking. For this ti...

NET Notes: Jer 50:19 The metaphor of Israel as a flock of sheep (v. 17) is continued here. The places named were all in Northern Israel and in the Transjordan, lands that ...

NET Notes: Jer 50:20 Heb “Oracle of the Lord.” In this case it is necessary to place this in the first person because this is already in a quote whose speaker ...

NET Notes: Jer 50:21 Heb “Do according to all I have commanded you.”

NET Notes: Jer 50:22 The verbs in vv. 22-25 are all descriptive of the present, but all of this is really to take place in the future. Hebrew poetry has a way of rendering...

NET Notes: Jer 50:23 Heb “How broken and shattered is the hammer of all the earth!” The “hammer” is a metaphor for Babylon who was God’s war ...

NET Notes: Jer 50:24 Heb “You were found [or found out] and captured because you fought against the Lord.” The same causal connection is maintained by the orde...

NET Notes: Jer 50:25 The verbs in vv. 22-25 are all descriptive of the present but, all of this is really to take place in the future. Hebrew poetry has a way of rendering...

NET Notes: Jer 50:26 Heb “Do not let there be to her a remnant.” According to BDB 984 s.v. שְׁאֵרִית this...

NET Notes: Jer 50:27 The words “of reckoning” are not in the text but are implicit from the context. They are supplied in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: Jer 50:28 This verse appears to be a parenthetical exclamation of the prophet in the midst of his report of what the Lord said through him. He throws himself in...

NET Notes: Jer 50:29 The Holy One of Israel is a common title for the Lord in the book of Isaiah. It is applied to the Lord only here and in 51:5 in the book of Jeremiah. ...

NET Notes: Jer 50:30 Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”

NET Notes: Jer 50:31 Compare v. 27.

NET Notes: Jer 50:32 Heb “And the proud one will fall and there will be no one to help him up. I will start a fire in his towns and it will consume all that surround...

NET Notes: Jer 50:33 Heb “Oppressed are the people of Israel and the people of Judah together,” i.e., both the people of Israel and Judah are oppressed. Howeve...

NET Notes: Jer 50:34 This translation again reflects the problem often encountered in these prophecies where the Lord appears to be speaking but refers to himself in the t...

NET Notes: Jer 50:35 Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”

NET Notes: Jer 50:36 The verb here (חָתַת, khatat) could also be rendered “be destroyed” (cf. BDB 369 s.v. חָת&...

NET Notes: Jer 50:37 Heb “A sword against his horses and his chariots and against all the mixed company [or mixed multitude] in her midst and they will become like w...

NET Notes: Jer 50:38 Heb “by the terrors.” However, as HALOT 40 s.v. אֵימָה indicates these are “images that cause te...

NET Notes: Jer 50:39 Heb “It will never again be inhabited nor dwelt in unto generation and generation.” For the meaning of this last phrase compare the usage ...

NET Notes: Jer 50:40 Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”

NET Notes: Jer 50:41 A mighty nation and many kings is an allusion to the Medo-Persian empire and the vassal kings who provided forces for the Medo-Persian armies.

NET Notes: Jer 50:42 Heb “daughter Babylon.” The word “daughter” is a personification of the city of Babylon and its inhabitants.

NET Notes: Jer 50:43 Compare Jer 6:22-24 where almost the same exact words as 50:41-43 are applied to the people of Judah. The repetition of prophecies here and in the fol...

NET Notes: Jer 50:45 The verbs in vv. 22-25 are all descriptive of the present, but all of this is really to take place in the future. Hebrew poetry has a way of rendering...

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