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Text -- Job 41:3-34 (NET)

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41:3 Will it make numerous supplications to you, will it speak to you with tender words? 41:4 Will it make a pact with you, so you could take it as your slave for life? 41:5 Can you play with it, like a bird, or tie it on a leash for your girls? 41:6 Will partners bargain for it? Will they divide it up among the merchants? 41:7 Can you fill its hide with harpoons or its head with fishing spears? 41:8 If you lay your hand on it, you will remember the fight, and you will never do it again! 41:9 See, his expectation is wrong, he is laid low even at the sight of it. 41:10 Is it not fierce when it is awakened? Who is he, then, who can stand before it? 41:11 (Who has confronted me that I should repay? Everything under heaven belongs to me!) 41:12 I will not keep silent about its limbs, and the extent of its might, and the grace of its arrangement. 41:13 Who can uncover its outer covering? Who can penetrate to the inside of its armor? 41:14 Who can open the doors of its mouth? Its teeth all around are fearsome. 41:15 Its back has rows of shields, shut up closely together as with a seal; 41:16 each one is so close to the next that no air can come between them. 41:17 They lock tightly together, one to the next; they cling together and cannot be separated. 41:18 Its snorting throws out flashes of light; its eyes are like the red glow of dawn. 41:19 Out of its mouth go flames, sparks of fire shoot forth! 41:20 Smoke streams from its nostrils as from a boiling pot over burning rushes. 41:21 Its breath sets coals ablaze and a flame shoots from its mouth. 41:22 Strength lodges in its neck, and despair runs before it. 41:23 The folds of its flesh are tightly joined; they are firm on it, immovable. 41:24 Its heart is hard as rock, hard as a lower millstone. 41:25 When it rises up, the mighty are terrified, at its thrashing about they withdraw. 41:26 Whoever strikes it with a sword will have no effect, nor with the spear, arrow, or dart. 41:27 It regards iron as straw and bronze as rotten wood. 41:28 Arrows do not make it flee; slingstones become like chaff to it. 41:29 A club is counted as a piece of straw; it laughs at the rattling of the lance. 41:30 Its underparts are the sharp points of potsherds, it leaves its mark in the mud like a threshing sledge. 41:31 It makes the deep boil like a cauldron and stirs up the sea like a pot of ointment, 41:32 It leaves a glistening wake behind it; one would think the deep had a head of white hair. 41:33 The likes of it is not on earth, a creature without fear. 41:34 It looks on every haughty being; it is king over all that are proud.”
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Dictionary Themes and Topics: Leviathan | God | Euthanasia | Animals | Job | Condescension of God | NIGHT-MONSTER | Mill | KETTLE | STRAW; STUBBLE | Fish | CALDRON | HUNTING | HABERGEON | FLAKE | QUARRIES | OINTMENT | RUSH | ROT; ROTTENNESS | POTSHERD | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Job 41:3 The rhetorical question again affirms the opposite. The poem is portraying the creature as powerful and insensitive.

NET Notes: Job 41:4 The imperfect verb serves to express what the covenant pact would cover, namely, “that you take.”

NET Notes: Job 41:5 The idea may include putting Leviathan on a leash. D. W. Thomas suggested on the basis of an Arabic cognate that it could be rendered “tie him w...

NET Notes: Job 41:6 The verb means “to cut up; to divide up” in the sense of selling the dead body (see Exod 21:35). This will be between them and the merchan...

NET Notes: Job 41:8 The verse uses two imperatives which can be interpreted in sequence: do this, and then this will happen.

NET Notes: Job 41:9 There is an interrogative particle in this line, which most commentators ignore. But others freely emend the MT. Gunkel, following the mythological ap...

NET Notes: Job 41:10 MT has “before me” and can best be rendered as “Who then is he that can stand before me?” (ESV, NASB, NIV, NLT, NJPS). The fol...

NET Notes: Job 41:11 This line also focuses on the sovereign God rather than Leviathan. H. H. Rowley, however, wants to change לִי־חו&#...

NET Notes: Job 41:12 Dhorme changes the noun into a verb, “I will tell,” and the last two words into אֵין עֶרֶ&...

NET Notes: Job 41:13 The word רֶסֶן (resen) has often been rendered “bridle” (cf. ESV), but that leaves a number of unanswered qu...

NET Notes: Job 41:14 Heb “his face.”

NET Notes: Job 41:15 Instead of צָר (tsar, “closely”) the LXX has צֹר (tsor, “stone”) to say that the seal was ...

NET Notes: Job 41:16 The expression “each one…to the next” is literally “one with one.”

NET Notes: Job 41:17 Heb “a man with his brother.”

NET Notes: Job 41:18 Heb “the eyelids,” but it represents the early beams of the dawn as the cover of night lifts.

NET Notes: Job 41:19 For the animal, the image is that of pent-up breath with water in a hot steam jet coming from its mouth, like a stream of fire in the rays of the sun....

NET Notes: Job 41:20 The word “burning” is supplied. The Syriac and Vulgate have “a seething and boiling pot” (reading אֹגֵ...

NET Notes: Job 41:22 This word, דְּאָבָה (dÿ’avah) is a hapax legomenon. But the verbal root means “to lan...

NET Notes: Job 41:23 The last clause says “it cannot be moved.” But this part will function adverbially in the sentence.

NET Notes: Job 41:24 The description of his heart being “hard” means that he is cruel and fearless. The word for “hard” is the word encountered bef...

NET Notes: Job 41:25 This verse has created all kinds of problems for the commentators. The first part is workable: “when he raises himself up, the mighty [the gods]...

NET Notes: Job 41:26 The verb קוּם (qum, “stand”) with בְּלִי (bÿli, “not”) has th...

NET Notes: Job 41:28 Heb “the son of the bow.”

NET Notes: Job 41:29 The verb is plural, but since there is no expressed subject it is translated as a passive here.

NET Notes: Job 41:30 Here only the word “sharp” is present, but in passages like Isa 41:15 it is joined with “threshing sledge.” Here and in Amos 1...

NET Notes: Job 41:31 The idea is either that the sea is stirred up like the foam from beating the ingredients together, or it is the musk-smell that is the point of compar...

NET Notes: Job 41:33 Heb “one who was made.”

NET Notes: Job 41:34 Heb “the sons of pride.” Dhorme repoints the last word to get “all the wild beasts,” but this misses the point of the verse. T...

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