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Text -- Luke 20:1-47 (NET)

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Context
The Authority of Jesus
20:1 Now one day, as Jesus was teaching the people in the temple courts and proclaiming the gospel, the chief priests and the experts in the law with the elders came up 20:2 and said to him, “Tell us: By what authority are you doing these things? Or who it is who gave you this authority?” 20:3 He answered answered them, “I will also ask you a question, and you tell me: 20:4 John’s baptism– was it from heaven or from people?” 20:5 So they discussed it with one another, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say, ‘Why did you not believe him?’ 20:6 But if we say, ‘From people,’ all the people will stone us, because they are convinced that John was a prophet.” 20:7 So they replied that they did not know where it came from. 20:8 Then Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by whose authority I do these things.”
The Parable of the Tenants
20:9 Then he began to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, leased it to tenant farmers, and went on a journey for a long time. 20:10 When harvest time came, he sent a slave to the tenants so that they would give him his portion of the crop. However, the tenants beat his slave and sent him away empty-handed. 20:11 So he sent another slave. They beat this one too, treated him outrageously, and sent him away empty-handed. 20:12 So he sent still a third. They even wounded this one, and threw him out. 20:13 Then the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What should I do? I will send my one dear son; perhaps they will respect him.’ 20:14 But when the tenants saw him, they said to one another, ‘This is the heir; let’s kill him so the inheritance will be ours!’ 20:15 So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him. What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them? 20:16 He will come and destroy those tenants and give the vineyard to others.” When the people heard this, they said, “May this never happen!” 20:17 But Jesus looked straight at them and said, “Then what is the meaning of that which is written: ‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone’? 20:18 Everyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, and the one on whom it falls will be crushed.” 20:19 Then the experts in the law and the chief priests wanted to arrest him that very hour, because they realized he had told this parable against them. But they were afraid of the people.
Paying Taxes to Caesar
20:20 Then they watched him carefully and sent spies who pretended to be sincere. They wanted to take advantage of what he might say so that they could deliver him up to the authority and jurisdiction of the governor. 20:21 Thus they asked him, “Teacher, we know that you speak and teach correctly, and show no partiality, but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. 20:22 Is it right for us to pay the tribute tax to Caesar or not?” 20:23 But Jesus perceived their deceit and said to them, 20:24 “Show me a denarius. Whose image and inscription are on it?” They said, “Caesar’s.” 20:25 So he said to them, “Then give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” 20:26 Thus they were unable unable in the presence of the people to trap him with his own words. And stunned by his answer, they fell silent.
Marriage and the Resurrection
20:27 Now some Sadducees (who contend that there is no resurrection) came to him. 20:28 They asked him, “Teacher, Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies leaving a wife but no children, that man must marry the widow and father children for his brother. 20:29 Now there were seven brothers. The first one married a woman and died without children. 20:30 The second 20:31 and then the third married her, and in this same way all seven died, leaving no children. 20:32 Finally the woman died too. 20:33 In the resurrection, therefore, whose wife will the woman be? For all seven had married her.” 20:34 So Jesus said to them, “The people of this age marry and are given in marriage. 20:35 But those who are regarded as worthy to share in that age and in the resurrection from the dead neither marry nor are given in marriage. 20:36 In fact, they can no longer die, because they are equal to angels and are sons of God, since they are sons of the resurrection. 20:37 But even Moses revealed that the dead are raised in the passage about the bush, where he calls the Lord the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob. 20:38 Now he is not God of the dead, but of the living, for all live before him.” 20:39 Then some of the experts in the law answered, “Teacher, you have spoken well!” 20:40 For they did not dare any longer to ask him anything.
The Messiah: David’s Son and Lord
20:41 But he said to them, “How is it that they say that the Christ is David’s son? 20:42 For David himself says in the book of Psalms, ‘The Lord said to my lord, “Sit at my right hand, 20:43 until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.”’ 20:44 If David then calls him ‘Lord,’ how can he be his son?”
Jesus Warns the Disciples against Pride
20:45 As all the people were listening, Jesus said to his disciples, 20:46 “Beware of the experts in the law. They like walking around in long robes, and they love elaborate greetings in the marketplaces and the best seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets. 20:47 They devour widows’ property, and as a show make long prayers. They will receive a more severe punishment.”
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Abraham a son of Terah; the father of Isaac; ancestor of the Jewish nation.,the son of Terah of Shem
 · Caesar a title held by Roman emperors
 · David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel
 · Isaac the only son of Abraham and Sarah; father of Jacob and Esau
 · Jacob the second so of a pair of twins born to Isaac and Rebeccaa; ancestor of the 12 tribes of Israel,the nation of Israel,a person, male,son of Isaac; Israel the man and nation
 · John a son of Zebedee; younger brother of James; the beloved disciple of Christ,a relative of Annas the high priest,a son of Mary the sister of Barnabas, and surnamed Mark,the father of Simon Peter
 · Moses a son of Amram; the Levite who led Israel out of Egypt and gave them The Law of Moses,a Levite who led Israel out of Egypt and gave them the law
 · Psalm an O.T. book name and/or one of the Psalms comprising the book
 · Sadducee a group/sect of the Jews


Dictionary Themes and Topics: MARK, THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO, 1 | JESUS CHRIST, 4E1 | Jesus, The Christ | Resurrection | Instruction | Sadducees | Reproof | God | Lease | Land | Debtor | Capital and Labor | Renting | Misconduct in Office | MONEY | Quotations and Allusions | Death | PSALMS, BOOK OF | Citizenship | Heaven | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Luk 20:1 The chief priests and the experts in the law with the elders came up. The description is similar to Luke 19:47. The leaders are really watching Jesus ...

NET Notes: Luk 20:2 The leadership is looking back to acts like the temple cleansing (19:45-48). How could a Galilean preacher do these things?

NET Notes: Luk 20:3 Grk “answering, he said to them.” This is redundant in English and has been simplified in the translation.

NET Notes: Luk 20:4 The question is whether John’s ministry was of divine or human origin.

NET Notes: Luk 20:5 Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ question.

NET Notes: Luk 20:7 Very few questions could have so completely revealed the wicked intentions of the religious leaders. Jesus’ question revealed the motivation of ...

NET Notes: Luk 20:8 On this phrase, see BDAG 844 s.v. ποῖος 2.a.γ. This is exactly the same phrase as in v. 2.

NET Notes: Luk 20:9 The leasing of land to tenant farmers was common in this period.

NET Notes: Luk 20:10 The image of the tenants beating up the owner’s slave pictures the nation’s rejection of the prophets and their message.

NET Notes: Luk 20:11 The slaves being sent empty-handed suggests that the vineyard was not producing any fruit – and thus neither was the nation of Israel.

NET Notes: Luk 20:12 Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the tenants’ mistreatment of the first t...

NET Notes: Luk 20:13 The owner’s decision to send his one dear son represents God sending Jesus.

NET Notes: Luk 20:15 Throwing the heir out of the vineyard pictures Jesus’ death outside of Jerusalem.

NET Notes: Luk 20:16 May this never happen! Jesus’ audience got the point and did not want to consider a story where the nation would suffer judgment.

NET Notes: Luk 20:17 The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone. The use of Ps 118:22-23 and the “stone imagery” as a reference to Christ and h...

NET Notes: Luk 20:18 This proverb basically means that the stone crushes, without regard to whether it falls on someone or someone falls on it. On the stone as a messianic...

NET Notes: Luk 20:19 Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

NET Notes: Luk 20:20 This word is often translated “authority” in other contexts, but here, in combination with ἀρχή (arch), it refers to...

NET Notes: Luk 20:21 Teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Very few comments are as deceitful as this one; they did not really believe this at all. The questi...

NET Notes: Luk 20:22 Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

NET Notes: Luk 20:23 Or “craftiness.” The term always has negative connotations in the NT (1 Cor 3:19; 2 Cor 4:2; 11:3; Eph 4:14).

NET Notes: Luk 20:24 Grk “whose likeness and inscription does it have?”

NET Notes: Luk 20:25 Jesus’ answer to give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and to God the things that are God’s was a both/and, not the questioner...

NET Notes: Luk 20:26 Or “amazed.”

NET Notes: Luk 20:27 This remark is best regarded as a parenthetical note by the author.

NET Notes: Luk 20:28 A quotation from Deut 25:5. Because the OT quotation does not include “a wife” as the object of the verb, it has been left as normal type....

NET Notes: Luk 20:29 Grk “took a wife” (an idiom for marrying a woman).

NET Notes: Luk 20:30 Most mss (A W Θ Ψ Ë1,13 33 Ï lat) have the words, “took the wife and this one died childless” after “the second....

NET Notes: Luk 20:33 Grk “For the seven had her as wife.”

NET Notes: Luk 20:34 Grk “sons of this age” (an idiom, see L&N 11.16). The following clause which refers to being “given in marriage” suggests ...

NET Notes: Luk 20:35 Life in the age to come is different than life here (they neither marry nor are given in marriage). This means Jesus’ questioners had made a fal...

NET Notes: Luk 20:36 Or “people.” The noun υἱός (Juios) followed by the genitive of class or kind (“sons of…”) denotes a...

NET Notes: Luk 20:37 A quotation from Exod 3:6.

NET Notes: Luk 20:38 On this syntax, see BDF §192. The point is that all live “to” God or “before” God.

NET Notes: Luk 20:39 Teacher, you have spoken well! The scribes, being Pharisees, were happy for the defense of resurrection and angels, which they (unlike the Sadducees) ...

NET Notes: Luk 20:40 The attempt to show Jesus as ignorant had left the experts silenced. At this point they did not dare any longer to ask him anything.

NET Notes: Luk 20:41 It was a common belief in Judaism that Messiah would be David’s son in that he would come from the lineage of David. On this point the Pharisees...

NET Notes: Luk 20:42 The Lord said to my Lord. With David being the speaker, this indicates his respect for his descendant (referred to as my Lord). Jesus was arguing, as ...

NET Notes: Luk 20:43 A quotation from Ps 110:1.

NET Notes: Luk 20:44 Grk “David thus calls him ‘Lord.’ So how is he his son?” The conditional nuance, implicit in Greek, has been made explicit in ...

NET Notes: Luk 20:45 Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: Luk 20:46 See the note on synagogues in 4:15.

NET Notes: Luk 20:47 Grk “houses,” “households”; however, the term can have the force of “property” or “possessions” as wel...

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