1 Samuel 4:3-4

4:3 When the army ¹  came back to the camp, the elders of Israel said, “Why did the Lord let us be defeated today by ²  the Philistines? Let’s take with us the ark of the covenant of the Lord from Shiloh. When it is with us, it will save us ³  from the hand of our enemies.

4:4 So the army ⁴  sent to Shiloh, and they took from there the ark of the covenant of the Lord of hosts who sits between the cherubim. Now the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phineas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God.

1 Samuel 4:10-11

4:10 So the Philistines fought. Israel was defeated; they all ran home. ⁵  The slaughter was very great; thirty thousand foot soldiers fell in battle. 4:11 The ark of God was taken, and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phineas, were killed.

1 Samuel 4:22--6:21

4:22 She said, “The glory has departed from Israel, because the ark of God has been captured.”

The Ark Causes Trouble for the Philistines

5:1 Now the Philistines had captured the ark of God and brought it from Ebenezer to Ashdod. 5:2 The Philistines took the ark of God and brought it into the temple of Dagon, where they positioned it beside Dagon. 5:3 When the residents of Ashdod got up early the next day, ⁶  Dagon was lying on the ground before the ark of the Lord. So they took Dagon and set him back in his place. 5:4 But when they got up early the following day, Dagon was again lying on the ground before the ark of the Lord. The head of Dagon and his two hands were sheared off and were lying at the threshold. Only Dagon’s body was left intact. ⁷  5:5 (For this reason, to this very day, neither Dagon’s priests nor anyone else who enters Dagon’s temple step on Dagon’s threshold in Ashdod.)

5:6 The Lord attacked ⁸  the residents of Ashdod severely, bringing devastation on them. He struck the people of ⁹  both Ashdod and the surrounding area with sores. ¹⁰  5:7 When the people ¹¹  of Ashdod saw what was happening, they said, “The ark of the God of Israel should not remain with us, for he has attacked ¹²  both us and our god Dagon!”

5:8 So they assembled ¹³  all the leaders of the Philistines and asked, “What should we do with the ark of the God of Israel?” They replied, “The ark of the God of Israel should be moved to Gath.” So they moved the ark of the God of Israel.

5:9 But after it had been moved the Lord attacked ¹⁴  that city as well, causing a great deal of panic. He struck all the people of that city ¹⁵  with sores. ¹⁶  5:10 So they sent the ark of God to Ekron.

But when the ark of God arrived at Ekron, the residents of Ekron cried out saying, “They have brought the ark of the God of Israel here ¹⁷  to kill our ¹⁸  people!” 5:11 So they assembled ¹⁹  all the leaders of the Philistines and said, “Get the ark of the God of Israel out of here! Let it go back to its own place so that it won’t kill us ²⁰  and our ²¹  people!” The terror ²²  of death was throughout the entire city; God was attacking them very severely there. ²³  5:12 The people ²⁴  who did not die were struck with sores; the city’s cry for help went all the way up to heaven.

The Philistines Return the Ark

6:1 When the ark of the Lord had been in the land ²⁵  of the Philistines for seven months, ²⁶  6:2 the Philistines called the priests and the omen readers, saying, “What should we do with the ark of the Lord? Advise us as to how we should send it back to its place.”

6:3 They replied, “If you are going to send the ark of ²⁷  the God of Israel back, don’t send it away empty. Be sure to return it with a guilt offering. Then you will be healed, and you will understand why his hand is not removed from you.” 6:4 They inquired, “What is the guilt offering that we should send to him?”

They replied, “The Philistine leaders number five. So send five gold sores and five gold mice, for it is the same plague that has afflicted both you and your leaders. 6:5 You should make images of the sores and images of the mice ²⁸  that are destroying the land. You should honor the God of Israel. Perhaps he will release his grip on you, your gods, and your land. ²⁹  6:6 Why harden your hearts like the Egyptians and Pharaoh did? ³⁰  When God ³¹  treated them harshly, didn’t the Egyptians send the Israelites on their way? ³²  6:7 So now go and make a new cart. Get two cows that have calves and that have never had a yoke placed on them. Harness the cows to the cart and take their calves from them back to their stalls. 6:8 Then take the ark of the Lord and place it on the cart, and put in a chest beside it the gold objects you are sending to him as a guilt offering. You should then send it on its way. 6:9 But keep an eye on it. If it should go up by the way of its own border to Beth Shemesh, then he has brought this great calamity on us. But if that is not the case, then we will know that it was not his hand that struck us; rather, it just happened to us by accident.”

6:10 So the men did as instructed. ³³  They took two cows that had calves and harnessed them to a cart; they also removed their calves to their stalls. 6:11 They put the ark of the Lord on the cart, along with the chest, the gold mice, and the images of the sores. 6:12 Then the cows went directly on the road to Beth Shemesh. They went along, mooing as they went; they turned neither to the right nor to the left. The leaders of the Philistines were walking along behind them all the way to the border of Beth Shemesh.

6:13 Now the residents of Beth Shemesh were harvesting wheat in the valley. When they looked up and saw the ark, they were pleased at the sight. 6:14 The cart was coming to the field of Joshua, who was from Beth Shemesh. It paused there near a big stone. Then they cut up the wood of the cart and offered the cows as a burnt offering to the Lord. 6:15 The Levites took down the ark of the Lord and the chest that was with it, which contained the gold objects. They placed them near the big stone. At that time the people of Beth Shemesh offered burnt offerings and made sacrifices to the Lord. 6:16 The five leaders of the Philistines watched what was happening and then returned to Ekron on the same day.

6:17 These are the gold sores that the Philistines brought as a guilt offering to the Lord – one for each of the following cities: Ashdod, Gaza, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron. 6:18 The gold mice corresponded in number to all the Philistine cities of the five leaders, from the fortified cities to hamlet villages, to greater Abel, ³⁴  where they positioned the ark of the Lord until this very day in the field of Joshua who was from Beth Shemesh.

6:19 But the Lord ³⁵  struck down some of the people of Beth Shemesh because they had looked into the ark of the Lord; he struck down 50,070 ³⁶  of the men. The people grieved because the Lord had struck the people with a hard blow. 6:20 The residents of Beth Shemesh asked, “Who is able to stand before the Lord, this holy God? To whom will the ark ³⁷  go up from here?”

6:21 So they sent messengers to the residents of Kiriath Jearim, saying, “The Philistines have returned the ark of the Lord. Come down here and take it back home with you.”

[4:3]  ¹ tn Or “people.”

[4:3]  ² tn Heb “before.”

[4:3]  ³ tn Heb “and it will come in our midst and it will save.” After the cohortative (see “let’s take”), the prefixed verbal forms with the prefixed conjunction indicate purpose or result. The translation understands the ark to be the subject of the third masculine singular verbs, although it is possible to understand the Lord as the subject. In the latter case, one should translate, “when he is with us, he will save us.”

[4:4]  ⁴ tn Or “people.”

[4:10]  ⁵ tn Heb “and they fled, each to his tents.”

[5:3]  ⁶ tc The LXX adds “they entered the temple of Dagon and saw.”

[5:4]  ⁷ tc Heb “only Dagon was left.” We should probably read the word גֵּו (gev, “back”) before Dagon, understanding it to have the sense of the similar word גְּוִיָּה (gÿviyyah, “body”). This variant is supported by the following evidence: The LXX has ἡ ῥάχις (Jh rJacis, “the back” or “trunk”); the Syriac Peshitta has wegusmeh (“and the body of”); the Targum has gupyeh (“the body of”); the Vulgate has truncus (“the trunk of,” cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV, NLT). On the strength of this evidence the present translation employs the phrase “Dagon’s body.”

[5:6]  ⁸ tn Heb “the hand of the Lord was heavy upon.”

[5:6]  ⁹ tn The words “the people of” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[5:6]  ¹⁰ tc The LXX and Vulgate add the following: “And mice multiplied in their land, and the terror of death was throughout the entire city.”

[5:7]  ¹¹ tn Heb “men.”

[5:7]  ¹² tn Heb “for his hand is severe upon.”

[5:8]  ¹³ tn Heb “and they sent and gathered.”

[5:9]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “the hand of the Lord was against the city.”

[5:9]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and he struck the men of the city from small and to great.”

[5:9]  ¹⁶ tn See the note on this term in v. 6. Cf. KJV “and they had emerods in their secret parts.”

[5:10]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “to me.”

[5:10]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “my.”

[5:11]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and they sent and gathered.”

[5:11]  ²⁰ tn Heb “me.”

[5:11]  ²¹ tn Heb “my.”

[5:11]  ²² tn Or “panic.”

[5:11]  ²³ tn Heb “the hand of God was very heavy there.”

[5:12]  ²⁴ tn Heb “men.”

[6:1]  ²⁵ tn Heb “field.”

[6:1]  ²⁶ tc The LXX adds “and their land swarmed with mice.”

[6:3]  ²⁷ tc The LXX and a Qumran ms add “the covenant of the Lord.”

[6:5]  ²⁸ tn Heb “your mice.” A Qumran ms has simply “the mice.”

[6:5]  ²⁹ tn Heb “Perhaps he will lighten his hand from upon you and from upon your gods and from upon your land.”

[6:6]  ³⁰ tn Heb “like Egypt and Pharaoh hardened their heart.”

[6:6]  ³¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[6:6]  ³² tn Heb “and they sent them away and they went.”

[6:10]  ³³ tn Heb “and the men did so.”

[6:18]  ³⁴ tc A few Hebrew mss and the LXX read “villages; the large rock…[is witness] until this very day.”

[6:19]  ³⁵ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[6:19]  ³⁶ tc The number 50,070 is surprisingly large, although it finds almost unanimous textual support in the MT and in the ancient versions. Only a few medieval Hebrew mss lack “50,000,” reading simply “70” instead. However, there does not seem to be sufficient external evidence to warrant reading 70 rather than 50,070, although that is done by a number of recent translations (e.g., NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT). The present translation (reluctantly) follows the MT and the ancient versions here.

[6:20]  ³⁷ tn Heb “he” or “it”; the referent here (the ark) has been specified in the translation for clarity (cf. also NIV, CEV, NLT). Others, however, take the referent to be the Lord himself.