2 Samuel 22:43

22:43 I grind them as fine as the dust of the ground;

I crush them and stomp on them like clay ¹  in the streets.

2 Samuel 22:2

22:2 He said:

“The Lord is my high ridge, ²  my stronghold, ³  my deliverer.

2 Samuel 9:1

David Finds Mephibosheth

9:1 ⁴ Then David asked, “Is anyone still left from the family ⁵  of Saul, so that I may extend kindness to him for the sake of Jonathan?”

Psalms 18:42

18:42 I grind them as fine windblown dust; ⁶ 

I beat them underfoot ⁷  like clay ⁸  in the streets.

Isaiah 25:10-12

25:10 For the Lord’s power will make this mountain secure. ⁹ 

Moab will be trampled down where it stands, ¹⁰ 

as a heap of straw is trampled down in ¹¹  a manure pile.

25:11 Moab ¹²  will spread out its hands in the middle of it, ¹³ 

just as a swimmer spreads his hands to swim;

the Lord ¹⁴  will bring down Moab’s ¹⁵  pride as it spreads its hands. ¹⁶ 

25:12 The fortified city (along with the very tops of your ¹⁷  walls) ¹⁸  he will knock down,

he will bring it down, he will throw it down to the dusty ground. ¹⁹ 

Isaiah 26:5-6

26:5 Indeed, ²⁰  the Lord knocks down those who live in a high place,

he brings down an elevated town;

he brings it down to the ground, ²¹ 

he throws it down to the dust.

26:6 It is trampled underfoot

by the feet of the oppressed,

by the soles of the poor.”

Isaiah 41:15-16

41:15 “Look, I am making you like ²²  a sharp threshing sledge,

new and double-edged. ²³ 

You will thresh the mountains and crush them;

you will make the hills like straw. ²⁴ 

41:16 You will winnow them and the wind will blow them away;

the wind will scatter them.

You will rejoice in the Lord;

you will boast in the Holy One of Israel.

Isaiah 51:22-23

51:22 This is what your sovereign master, ²⁵  the Lord your God, says:

“Look, I have removed from your hand

the cup of intoxicating wine, ²⁶ 

the goblet full of my anger. ²⁷ 

You will no longer have to drink it.

51:23 I will put it into the hand of your tormentors ²⁸ 

who said to you, ‘Lie down, so we can walk over you.’

You made your back like the ground,

and like the street for those who walked over you.”

Isaiah 63:2-3

63:2 Why are your clothes red?

Why do you look like someone who has stomped on grapes in a vat? ²⁹ 

63:3 “I have stomped grapes in the winepress all by myself;

no one from the nations joined me.

I stomped on them ³⁰  in my anger;

I trampled them down in my rage.

Their juice splashed on my garments,

and stained ³¹  all my clothes.

Zechariah 10:5

10:5 And they will be like warriors trampling the mud of the streets in battle. They will fight, for the Lord will be with them, and will defeat the enemy cavalry. ³² 

Malachi 4:3

4:3 You will trample on the wicked, for they will be like ashes under the soles of your feet on the day which I am preparing,” says the Lord who rules over all.

[22:43]  ¹ tn Or “mud” (so NAB, NIV, CEV). See HALOT 374 s.v. טִיט.

[22:2]  ² tn Traditionally “is my rock”; CEV “mighty rock”; TEV “is my protector.” This metaphor pictures God as a rocky, relatively inaccessible summit, where one would be able to find protection from enemies. See 1 Sam 23:25, 28.

[22:2]  ³ tn Traditionally “my fortress”; TEV “my strong fortress”; NCV “my protection.”

[9:1]  ⁴ sn 2 Samuel 9–20 is known as the Succession Narrative. It is a literary unit that describes David’s efforts at consolidating his own kingdom following the demise of King Saul; it also provides the transition to subsequent leadership on the part of David’s successor Solomon.

[9:1]  ⁵ tn Heb “house.”

[18:42]  ⁶ tn Heb “I pulverize them like dust upon the face of the wind.” The phrase “upon the face of” here means “before.” 2 Sam 22:43 reads, “like dust of the earth.”

[18:42]  ⁷ tc Ps 18:42 reads, “I empty them out” (Hiphil of ריק), while 2 Sam 22:43 reads, “I crush them, I stomp on them” (juxtaposing the synonyms דקק and רקע). It is likely that the latter is a conflation of variants. One, but not both, of the verbs in 2 Sam 22:43 is probably original; “empty out” does not form as good a parallel with “grind, pulverize” in the parallel line.

[18:42]  ⁸ tn Or “mud.”

[25:10]  ⁹ tn Heb “for the hand of the Lord will rest on this mountain”; TEV “will protect Mount Zion”; NCV “will protect (rest on NLT) Jerusalem.”

[25:10]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “under him,” i.e., “in his place.”

[25:10]  ¹¹ tc The marginal reading (Qere) is בְּמוֹ (bÿmo, “in”). The consonantal text (Kethib) has בְּמִי (bÿmi, “in the water of”).

[25:11]  ¹² tn Heb “he”; the referent (Moab) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[25:11]  ¹³ tn The antecedent of the third masculine singular pronominal suffix is probably the masculine noun מַתְבֵּן (matben, “heap of straw”) in v. 10 rather than the feminine noun מַדְמֵנָה (madmenah, “manure pile”), also in v. 10.

[25:11]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[25:11]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “his”; the referent (Moab) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[25:11]  ¹⁶ tn The Hebrew text has, “he will bring down his pride along with the [?] of his hands.” The meaning of אָרְבּוֹת (’arbot), which occurs only here in the OT, is unknown. Some (see BDB 70 s.v. אָרְבָּה) translate “artifice, cleverness,” relating the form to the verbal root אָרָב (’arav, “to lie in wait, ambush”), but this requires some convoluted semantic reasoning. HALOT 83 s.v. *אָרְבָּה suggests the meaning “[nimble] movements.” The translation above, which attempts to relate the form to the preceding context, is purely speculative.

[25:12]  ¹⁷ sn Moab is addressed.

[25:12]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “a fortification, the high point of your walls.”

[25:12]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “he will bring [it] down, he will make [it] touch the ground, even to the dust.”

[26:5]  ²⁰ tn Or “For” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV).

[26:5]  ²¹ tn The translation assumes that יַשְׁפִּילֶנָּה (yashpilennah) goes with the preceding words “an elevated town,” and that יַשְׁפִּילָהּ (yashpilah) belongs with the following words, “to the ground.” See J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:469, n. 7.

[41:15]  ²² tn Heb “into” (so NIV); ASV “have made thee to be.”

[41:15]  ²³ tn Heb “owner of two-mouths,” i.e., double-edged.

[41:15]  ²⁴ sn The mountains and hills symbolize hostile nations that are obstacles to Israel’s restoration.

[51:22]  ²⁵ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[51:22]  ²⁶ tn Heb “the cup of [= that causes] staggering” (so ASV, NAB, NRSV); NASB “the cup of reeling.”

[51:22]  ²⁷ tn Heb “the goblet of the cup of my anger.”

[51:23]  ²⁸ tn That is, to make them drink it.

[63:2]  ²⁹ tn Heb “and your garments like one who treads in a vat?”

[63:3]  ³⁰ sn Nations, headed by Edom, are the object of the Lord’s anger (see v. 6). He compares military slaughter to stomping on grapes in a vat.

[63:3]  ³¹ tn Heb “and I stained.” For discussion of the difficult verb form, see HALOT 170 s.v. II גאל. Perhaps the form is mixed, combining the first person forms of the imperfect (note the alef prefix) and perfect (note the תי- ending).

[10:5]  ³² tn Heb “and the riders on horses will be put to shame,” figurative for the defeat of mounted troops. The word “enemy” in the translation is supplied from context.