Deuteronomy 33:9-10

33:9 He said to his father and mother, “I have not seen him,” ¹ 

and he did not acknowledge his own brothers

or know his own children,

for they kept your word,

and guarded your covenant.

33:10 They will teach Jacob your ordinances

and Israel your law;

they will offer incense as a pleasant odor,

and a whole offering on your altar.

Deuteronomy 33:2

33:2 He said:

A Historical Review

The Lord came from Sinai

and revealed himself ²  to Israel ³  from Seir.

He appeared in splendor ⁴  from Mount Paran,

and came forth with ten thousand holy ones. ⁵ 

With his right hand he gave a fiery law ⁶  to them.

Deuteronomy 18:13

18:13 You must be blameless before the Lord your God.

Isaiah 50:7-9

50:7 But the sovereign Lord helps me,

so I am not humiliated.

For that reason I am steadfastly resolved; ⁷ 

I know I will not be put to shame.

50:8 The one who vindicates me is close by.

Who dares to argue with me? Let us confront each other! ⁸ 

Who is my accuser? ⁹  Let him challenge me! ¹⁰ 

50:9 Look, the sovereign Lord helps me.

Who dares to condemn me?

Look, all of them will wear out like clothes;

a moth will eat away at them.

Jeremiah 15:19-21

15:19 Because of this, the Lord said, ¹¹ 

“You must repent of such words and thoughts!

If you do, I will restore you to the privilege of serving me. ¹² 

If you say what is worthwhile instead of what is worthless,

I will again allow you to be my spokesman. ¹³ 

They must become as you have been.

You must not become like them. ¹⁴ 

15:20 I will make you as strong as a wall to these people,

a fortified wall of bronze.

They will attack you,

but they will not be able to overcome you.

For I will be with you to rescue you and deliver you,” ¹⁵ 

says the Lord.

15:21 “I will deliver you from the power of the wicked.

I will free you from the clutches of violent people.”

Ezekiel 2:6-7

2:6 But you, son of man, do not fear them, and do not fear their words – even though briers ¹⁶  and thorns ¹⁷  surround you and you live among scorpions – do not fear their words and do not be terrified of the looks they give you, ¹⁸  for they are a rebellious house! 2:7 You must speak my words to them whether they listen or not, for they are rebellious.

Micah 3:8

3:8 But I ¹⁹  am full of the courage that the Lord’s Spirit gives,

and have a strong commitment to justice. ²⁰ 

This enables me to confront Jacob with its rebellion,

and Israel with its sin. ²¹ 

Micah 3:2

3:2 yet you ²²  hate what is good, ²³ 

and love what is evil. ²⁴ 

You flay my people’s skin ²⁵ 

and rip the flesh from their bones. ²⁶ 

Colossians 1:16

1:16 for all things in heaven and on earth were created by him – all things, whether visible or invisible, whether thrones or dominions, ²⁷  whether principalities or powers – all things were created through him and for him.

Galatians 1:10

1:10 Am I now trying to gain the approval of people, ²⁸  or of God? Or am I trying to please people? ²⁹  If I were still trying to please ³⁰  people, ³¹  I would not be a slave ³²  of Christ!

Galatians 2:6

2:6 But from those who were influential ³³  (whatever they were makes no difference to me; God shows no favoritism between people ³⁴ ) – those influential leaders ³⁵  added ³⁶  nothing to my message. ³⁷ 

Galatians 2:11-14

Paul Rebukes Peter

2:11 But when Cephas ³⁸  came to Antioch, ³⁹  I opposed him to his face, because he had clearly done wrong. ⁴⁰  2:12 Until ⁴¹  certain people came from James, he had been eating with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he stopped doing this ⁴²  and separated himself ⁴³  because he was afraid of those who were pro-circumcision. ⁴⁴  2:13 And the rest of the Jews also joined with him in this hypocrisy, so that even Barnabas was led astray with them ⁴⁵  by their hypocrisy. 2:14 But when I saw that they were not behaving consistently with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas ⁴⁶  in front of them all, “If you, although you are a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you try to force ⁴⁷  the Gentiles to live like Jews?”

[33:9]  ¹ sn This statement no doubt alludes to the Levites’ destruction of their own fellow tribesmen following the golden calf incident (Exod 32:25-29).

[33:2]  ² tn Or “rose like the sun” (NCV, TEV).

[33:2]  ³ tc Heb “to him.” The LXX reads “to us” (לָנוּ [lanu] for לָמוֹ [lamo]), the reading of the MT is acceptable since it no doubt has in mind Israel as a collective singular.

[33:2]  ⁴ tn Or “he shone forth” (NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

[33:2]  ⁵ tc With slight alteration (מִמְרִבַת קָדֵשׁ [mimrivat qadesh] for the MT’s מֵרִבְבֹת קֹדֶשׁ [merivvot qodesh]) the translation would be “from Meribah Kadesh” (cf. NAB, NLT; see Deut 32:51). However, the language of holy war in the immediate context favors the reading of the MT, which views the Lord as accompanied by angelic hosts.

[33:2]  ⁶ tc The mispointed Hebrew term אֵשְׁדָּת (’eshdat) should perhaps be construed as אֵשְׁהַת (’eshhat) with Smr.

[50:7]  ⁷ tn Heb “Therefore I set my face like flint.”

[50:8]  ⁸ tn Heb “Let us stand together!”

[50:8]  ⁹ tn Heb “Who is the master of my judgment?”

[50:8]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “let him approach me”; NAB, NIV “Let him confront me.”

[15:19]  ¹¹ tn Heb “So the Lord said thus.”

[15:19]  ¹² tn Heb “If you return [ = repent], I will restore [more literally, ‘cause you to return’] that you may stand before me.” For the idiom of “standing before” in the sense of serving see BDB 764 s.v. עָמַד Qal.1.e and compare the usage in 1 Kgs 10:8; 12:8; 17:1; Deut 10:8.

[15:19]  ¹³ tn Heb “you shall be as my mouth.”

[15:19]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “They must turn/return to you and you must not turn/return to them.”

[15:20]  ¹⁵ sn See 1:18. The Lord renews his promise of protection and reiterates his call to Jeremiah.

[2:6]  ¹⁶ tn The Hebrew term occurs only here in the OT.

[2:6]  ¹⁷ tn The Hebrew term is found elsewhere in the OT only in Ezek 28:24.

[2:6]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “of their faces.”

[3:8]  ¹⁹ sn The prophet Micah speaks here and contrasts himself with the mercenaries just denounced by the Lord in the preceding verses.

[3:8]  ²⁰ tn Heb “am full of power, the Spirit of the Lord, and justice and strength.” The appositional phrase “the Spirit of the Lord” explains the source of the prophet’s power. The phrase “justice and strength” is understood here as a hendiadys, referring to the prophet’s strong sense of justice.

[3:8]  ²¹ tn Heb “to declare to Jacob his rebellion and to Israel his sin.” The words “this enables me” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[3:2]  ²² tn Heb “the ones who.”

[3:2]  ²³ tn Or “good.”

[3:2]  ²⁴ tn Or “evil.”

[3:2]  ²⁵ tn Heb “their skin from upon them.” The referent of the pronoun (“my people,” referring to Jacob and/or the house of Israel, with the Lord as the speaker) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:2]  ²⁶ tn Heb “and their flesh from their bones.”

[1:16]  ²⁷ tn BDAG 579 s.v. κυριότης 3 suggests “bearers of the ruling powers, dominions” here.

[1:10]  ²⁸ tn Grk “of men”; but here ἀνθρώπους (anqrwpou") is used in a generic sense of both men and women.

[1:10]  ²⁹ tn Grk “men”; but here ἀνθρώποις (anqrwpoi") is used in a generic sense of both men and women.

[1:10]  ³⁰ tn The imperfect verb has been translated conatively (ExSyn 550).

[1:10]  ³¹ tn Grk “men”; but here ἀνθρώποις (anqrwpoi") is used in a generic sense of both men and women.

[1:10]  ³² tn Traditionally, “servant” or “bondservant.” Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times…in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v.). The most accurate translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος), in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force.

[2:6]  ³³ tn Or “influential leaders.” BDAG 255 s.v. δοκέω 2.a.β has “the influential men Gal 2:2, 6b. A fuller expr. w. the same mng., w. inf. added…vss. 6a, 9.” This refers to the leadership of the Jerusalem church.

[2:6]  ³⁴ tn Grk “God does not receive the face of man,” an idiom for showing favoritism or partiality (BDAG 887-88 s.v. πρόσωπον 1.b.α; L&N 88.238).

[2:6]  ³⁵ tn Or “influential people”; here “leaders” was used rather than “people” for stylistic reasons, to avoid redundancy with the word “people” in the previous parenthetical remark. See also the note on the word “influential” at the beginning of this verse.

[2:6]  ³⁶ tn Or “contributed.” This is the same word translated “go to ask advice from” in 1:16, but it has a different meaning here; see L&N 59.72.

[2:6]  ³⁷ tn Or “added nothing to my authority.” Grk “added nothing to me,” with what was added (“message,” etc.) implied.

[2:11]  ³⁸ sn Cephas. This individual is generally identified with the Apostle Peter (L&N 93.211).

[2:11]  ³⁹ map For location see JP1 F2; JP2 F2; JP3 F2; JP4 F2.

[2:11]  ⁴⁰ tn Grk “because he stood condemned.”

[2:12]  ⁴¹ tn The conjunction γάρ has not been translated here.

[2:12]  ⁴² tn Grk “he drew back.” If ἑαυτόν (Jeauton) goes with both ὑπέστελλεν (Jupestellen) and ἀφώριζεν (afwrizen) rather than only the latter, the meaning would be “he drew himself back” (see BDAG 1041 s.v. ὑποστέλλω 1.a).

[2:12]  ⁴³ tn Or “and held himself aloof.”

[2:12]  ⁴⁴ tn Grk “the [ones] of the circumcision,” that is, the group of Jewish Christians who insisted on circumcision of Gentiles before they could become Christians.

[2:13]  ⁴⁵ tn The words “with them” are a reflection of the σύν- (sun-) prefix on the verb συναπήχθη (sunaphcqh; see L&N 31.76).

[2:14]  ⁴⁶ sn Cephas. This individual is generally identified with the Apostle Peter (L&N 93.211).

[2:14]  ⁴⁷ tn Here ἀναγκάζεις (anankazei") has been translated as a conative present (see ExSyn 534).