Discovery BoxIsaiah 50:6
Context50:6 I offered my back to those who attacked, 1
my jaws to those who tore out my beard;
I did not hide my face
from insults and spitting.
Isaiah 53:2-5
Context53:2 He sprouted up like a twig before God, 2
like a root out of parched soil; 3
he had no stately form or majesty that might catch our attention, 4
no special appearance that we should want to follow him. 5
53:3 He was despised and rejected by people, 6
one who experienced pain and was acquainted with illness;
people hid their faces from him; 7
he was despised, and we considered him insignificant. 8
53:4 But he lifted up our illnesses,
he carried our pain; 9
even though we thought he was being punished,
attacked by God, and afflicted for something he had done. 10
53:5 He was wounded because of 11 our rebellious deeds,
crushed because of our sins;
he endured punishment that made us well; 12
because of his wounds we have been healed. 13
Psalms 22:6-7
Context22:6 But I 14 am a worm, 15 not a man; 16
people insult me and despise me. 17
22:7 All who see me taunt 18 me;
they mock me 19 and shake their heads. 20
Psalms 22:15
Context22:15 The roof of my mouth 21 is as dry as a piece of pottery;
my tongue sticks to my gums. 22
You 23 set me in the dust of death. 24
Psalms 22:17
Context22:17 I can count 25 all my bones;
my enemies 26 are gloating over me in triumph. 27
Psalms 102:3-5
Context102:3 For my days go up in smoke, 28
and my bones are charred like a fireplace. 29
102:4 My heart is parched 30 and withered like grass,
for I am unable 31 to eat food. 32
102:5 Because of the anxiety that makes me groan,
my bones protrude from my skin. 33
Matthew 26:67
Context26:67 Then they spat in his face and struck him with their fists. And some slapped him,
Matthew 27:29-30
Context27:29 and after braiding 34 a crown of thorns, 35 they put it on his head. They 36 put a staff 37 in his right hand, and kneeling down before him, they mocked him: 38 “Hail, king of the Jews!” 39 27:30 They 40 spat on him and took the staff 41 and struck him repeatedly 42 on the head.
Luke 22:64
Context22:64 They 43 blindfolded him and asked him repeatedly, 44 “Prophesy! Who hit you?” 45
[50:6] 1 tn Or perhaps, “who beat [me].”
[53:2] 2 tn Heb “before him.” Some suggest an emendation to “before us.” If the third singular suffix of the Hebrew text is retained, it probably refers to the Lord (see v. 1b). For a defense of this reading, see R. Whybray, Isaiah 40-66 (NCBC), 173-74.
[53:2] 3 sn The metaphor in this verse suggests insignificance.
[53:2] 4 tn Heb “that we might see him.” The vav conjunctive prefixed to the imperfect introduces a result clause here. See GKC 504-5 §166.a.
[53:2] 5 tn Heb “that we should desire him.” The vav conjunctive prefixed to the imperfect introduces a result clause here. See GKC 504-5 §166.a.
[53:3] 6 tn Heb “lacking of men.” If the genitive is taken as specifying (“lacking with respect to men”), then the idea is that he lacked company because he was rejected by people. Another option is to take the genitive as indicating genus or larger class (i.e., “one lacking among men”). In this case one could translate, “he was a transient” (cf. the use of חָדֵל [khadel] in Ps 39:5 HT [39:4 ET]).
[53:3] 7 tn Heb “like a hiding of the face from him,” i.e., “like one before whom the face is hidden” (see BDB 712 s.v. מַסְתֵּר).
[53:3] 8 sn The servant is likened to a seriously ill person who is shunned by others because of his horrible disease.
[53:4] 9 sn Illness and pain stand by metonymy (or perhaps as metaphors) for sin and its effects, as vv. 11-12 make clear.
[53:4] 10 tn The words “for something he had done” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The group now realizes he suffered because of his identification with them, not simply because he was a special target of divine anger.
[53:5] 11 tn The preposition מִן (min) has a causal sense (translated “because of”) here and in the following clause.
[53:5] 12 tn Heb “the punishment of our peace [was] on him.” שָׁלוֹם (shalom, “peace”) is here a genitive of result, i.e., “punishment that resulted in our peace.”
[53:5] 13 sn Continuing to utilize the imagery of physical illness, the group acknowledges that the servant’s willingness to carry their illnesses (v. 4) resulted in their being healed. Healing is a metaphor for forgiveness here.
[22:6] 14 tn The grammatical construction (conjunction + pronoun) highlights the contrast between the psalmist’s experience and that of his ancestors. When he considers God’s past reliability, it only heightens his despair and confusion, for God’s present silence stands in stark contrast to his past saving acts.
[22:6] 15 tn The metaphor expresses the psalmist’s self-perception, which is based on how others treat him (see the following line).
[22:6] 16 tn Or “not a human being.” The psalmist perceives himself as less than human.
[22:6] 17 tn Heb “a reproach of man and despised by people.”
[22:7] 18 tn Or “scoff at, deride, mock.”
[22:7] 19 tn Heb “they separate with a lip.” Apparently this refers to their verbal taunting.
[22:7] 20 sn Shake their heads. Apparently this refers to a taunting gesture. See also Job 16:4; Ps 109:25; Lam 2:15.
[22:15] 21 tc Heb “my strength” (כֹּחִי, kokhiy), but many prefer to emend the text to חִכִּי (khikiy, “my palate”; cf. NEB, NRSV “my mouth”) assuming that an error of transposition has occurred in the traditional Hebrew text.
[22:15] 22 tn Cf. NEB “my jaw”; NASB, NRSV “my jaws”; NIV “the roof of my mouth.”
[22:15] 23 sn Here the psalmist addresses God and suggests that God is ultimately responsible for what is happening because of his failure to intervene (see vv. 1-2, 11).
[22:15] 24 sn The imperfect verbal form draws attention to the progressive nature of the action. The psalmist is in the process of dying.
[22:17] 25 tn The imperfect verbal forms in vv. 17-18 draw attention to the progressive nature of the action.
[22:17] 26 tn Heb “they.” The masculine form indicates the enemies are in view. The referent (the psalmist’s enemies) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:17] 27 tn Heb “they gaze, they look upon me.”
[102:3] 28 tn Heb “for my days come to an end in smoke.”
[102:3] 29 tn The Hebrew noun מוֹ־קֵד (mo-qed, “fireplace”) occurs only here, in Isa 33:14 (where it refers to the fire itself), and perhaps in Lev 6:2.
[102:4] 30 tn Heb “struck, attacked.”
[102:4] 32 sn I am unable to eat food. During his time of mourning, the psalmist refrained from eating. In the following verse he describes metaphorically the physical effects of fasting.
[102:5] 33 tn Heb “from the sound of my groaning my bone[s] stick to my flesh.” The preposition at the beginning of the verse is causal; the phrase “sound of my groaning” is metonymic for the anxiety that causes the groaning. The point seems to be this: Anxiety (which causes the psalmist to groan) keeps him from eating (v. 4). This physical deprivation in turn makes him emaciated – he is turned to “skin and bones,” so to speak.
[27:29] 35 sn The crown may have been made from palm spines or some other thorny plant common in Israel. In placing the crown of thorns on his head, the soldiers were unwittingly symbolizing God’s curse on humanity (cf. Gen 3:18) being placed on Jesus. Their purpose would have been to mock Jesus’ claim to be a king; the crown of thorns would have represented the “radiant corona” portrayed on the heads of rulers on coins and other artifacts in the 1st century.
[27:29] 36 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
[27:29] 37 tn Or “a reed.” The Greek term can mean either “staff” or “reed.” See BDAG 502 s.v. κάλαμος 2.
[27:29] 38 tn Grk “they mocked him, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant and has not been translated.
[27:29] 39 tn Or “Long live the King of the Jews!”
[27:30] 40 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
[27:30] 42 tn The verb here has been translated as an iterative imperfect.
[22:64] 43 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[22:64] 44 tn The verb ἐπηρώτων (ephrwtwn) has been translated as an iterative imperfect. The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in English and has not been translated here.
