Jeremiah 25:25

25:25 all the kings of Zimri; ¹  all the kings of Elam; ²  all the kings of Media; ³ 

Genesis 10:22

10:22 The sons of Shem were Elam, ⁴  Asshur, ⁵  Arphaxad, ⁶  Lud, ⁷  and Aram. ⁸ 

Genesis 14:1

The Blessing of Victory for God’s People

14:1 At that time ⁹  Amraphel king of Shinar, ¹⁰  Arioch king of Ellasar, Kedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations ¹¹ 

Ezra 4:9

4:9 From ¹²  Rehum the commander, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their colleagues – the judges, the rulers, the officials, the secretaries, the Erechites, the Babylonians, the people of Susa (that is, ¹³  the Elamites),

Isaiah 21:2

21:2 I have received a distressing message: ¹⁴ 

“The deceiver deceives,

the destroyer destroys.

Attack, you Elamites!

Lay siege, you Medes!

I will put an end to all the groaning!” ¹⁵ 

Ezekiel 32:24-25

32:24 “Elam is there with all her hordes around her grave; all of them struck down by the sword. They went down uncircumcised to the lower parts of the earth, those who spread terror in the land of the living. Now they will bear their shame with those who descend to the pit. 32:25 Among the dead they have made a bed for her, along with all her hordes around her grave. ¹⁶  All of them are uncircumcised, killed by the sword, for their terror had spread in the land of the living. They bear their shame along with those who descend to the pit; they are placed among the dead.

Daniel 8:2

8:2 In this ¹⁷  vision I saw myself in Susa ¹⁸  the citadel, ¹⁹  which is located in the province of Elam. In the vision I saw myself at the Ulai Canal. ²⁰ 

Acts 2:9

2:9 Parthians, Medes, Elamites, and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and the province of Asia, ²¹ 

[25:25]  ¹ sn The kingdom of Zimri is mentioned nowhere else, so its location is unknown.

[25:25]  ² sn See further Jer 49:34-39 for judgment against Elam.

[25:25]  ³ sn Elam and Media were east of Babylon; Elam in the south and Media in the north. They were in what is now western Iran.

[10:22]  ⁴ sn The Hebrew name Elam (עֵילָם, ’elam) means “highland.” The Elamites were a non-Semitic people who lived east of Babylon.

[10:22]  ⁵ sn Asshur is the name for the Assyrians. Asshur was the region in which Nimrod expanded his power (see v. 11, where the name is also mentioned). When names appear in both sections of a genealogical list, it probably means that there were both Hamites and Shemites living in that region in antiquity, especially if the name is a place name.

[10:22]  ⁶ sn The descendants of Arphaxad may have lived northeast of Nineveh.

[10:22]  ⁷ sn Lud may have been the ancestor of the Ludbu, who lived near the Tigris River.

[10:22]  ⁸ sn Aram became the collective name of the northern tribes living in the steppes of Mesopotamia and speaking Aramaic dialects.

[14:1]  ⁹ tn The sentence begins with the temporal indicator וַיְהִי (vayÿhi) followed by “in the days of.”

[14:1]  ¹⁰ sn Shinar (also in v. 9) is the region of Babylonia.

[14:1]  ¹¹ tn Or “king of Goyim.” The Hebrew term גּוֹיִם (goyim) means “nations,” but a number of modern translations merely transliterate the Hebrew (cf. NEB “Goyim”; NIV, NRSV “Goiim”).

[4:9]  ¹² tn Aram “then.” What follows in v. 9 seems to be the preface of the letter, serving to identify the senders of the letter. The word “from” is not in the Aramaic text but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[4:9]  ¹³ tn For the qere of the MT (דֶּהָיֵא, dehaye’, a proper name) it seems better to retain the Kethib דִּהוּא (dihu’, “that is”). See F. Rosenthal, Grammar, 25, §35; E. Vogt, Lexicon linguae aramaicae, 36.

[21:2]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “a severe revelation has been related to me.”

[21:2]  ¹⁵ sn This is often interpreted to mean “all the groaning” that Babylon has caused others.

[32:25]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “around him her graves,” but the expression is best emended to read “around her grave” (see vv. 23-24).

[8:2]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “the.”

[8:2]  ¹⁸ sn Susa (Heb. שׁוּשַׁן, shushan), located some 230 miles (380 km) east of Babylon, was a winter residence for Persian kings during the Achaemenid period. The language of v. 2 seems to suggest that Daniel may not have been physically present at Susa, but only saw himself there in the vision. However, the Hebrew is difficult, and some have concluded that the first four words of v. 2 in the MT are a later addition (cf. Theodotion).

[8:2]  ¹⁹ tn The Hebrew word בִּירָה (birah, “castle, palace”) usually refers to a fortified structure within a city, but here it is in apposition to the city name Susa and therefore has a broader reference to the entire city (against this view, however, see BDB 108 s.v. 2). Cf. NAB “the fortress of Susa”; TEV “the walled city of Susa.”

[8:2]  ²⁰ tn The term אוּבַל (’uval = “stream, river”) is a relatively rare word in biblical Hebrew, found only here and in vv. 3 and 6. The Ulai was apparently a sizable artificial canal in Susa (cf. NASB, NIV, NCV), and not a river in the ordinary sense of that word.

[2:9]  ²¹ tn Grk “Asia”; in the NT this always refers to the Roman province of Asia, made up of about one-third of the west and southwest end of modern Asia Minor. Asia lay to the west of the region of Phrygia and Galatia. The words “the province of” are supplied to indicate to the modern reader that this does not refer to the continent of Asia.