Luke 22:17-18

22:17 Then ¹  he took a cup, ²  and after giving thanks he said, “Take this and divide it among yourselves. 22:18 For I tell you that from now on I will not drink of the fruit ³  of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.” ⁴ 

Luke 22:20

22:20 And in the same way he took ⁵  the cup after they had eaten, ⁶  saying, “This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant ⁷  in my blood.

[22:17]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[22:17]  ² sn Then he took a cup. Only Luke mentions two cups at this meal; the other synoptic gospels (Matt, Mark) mention only one. This is the first of the two. It probably refers to the first cup in the traditional Passover meal, which today has four cups (although it is debated whether the fourth cup was used in the 1st century).

[22:18]  ³ tn Grk “the produce” (“the produce of the vine” is a figurative expression for wine).

[22:18]  ⁴ sn Until the kingdom of God comes is a reference to the kingdom in all its power. See Luke 17:20-37. Jesus awaits celebration with the arrival of full kingdom blessing.

[22:20]  ⁵ tn The words “he took” are not in the Greek text at this point, but are an understood repetition from v. 19.

[22:20]  ⁶ tn The phrase “after they had eaten” translates the temporal infinitive construction μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι (meta to deipnhsai), where the verb δειπνέω (deipnew) means “to eat a meal” or “to have a meal.”

[22:20]  ⁷ sn Jesus’ death established the forgiveness promised in the new covenant of Jer 31:31. Jesus is reinterpreting the symbolism of the Passover meal, indicating the presence of a new era.