The text does not say if the Jews' antagonistic neighbors had provoked Tattenai, the governor of the Persian province in which Jerusalem stood, to ask to see the Jews' temple building permit. It simply says he asked to see it. The Jews kept the construction work going while Tattenai determined whether they had authority to build.
Tattenai had reason to question the Jews' actions without prodding from the Samaritans. The Persian Empire had undergone political upheaval since Cyrus' death in 530 B.C. Cyrus' son and successor, Cambyses, had to put down several rebellions against his authority. This involved his executing his brother Smerdis. An Egyptian nobleman, Gaumata, then claimed to be the true Smerdis and revolted against Cambyses. Popular opinion swung behind Gaumata, and Cambyses committed suicide in 522 B.C. However the Persian army supported a distant cousin of Cambyses' named Darius I (Hystaspes). Darius was able to overthrow Gaumata and to put down several other claimants to the throne as well as rebellions in many different parts of the empire.86In view of these events it is easy to see why Tattenai would have been suspicious of any attempt to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem and why he wrote to Darius for instructions.
Another reason for Tattenai's concern may very well have been what Zechariah was prophesying. He said that the "Branch,"the long-expected descendant of David's line, would soon appear and sit on David's throne (Zech. 3:8; cf. Jer. 23:5-6). What Zechariah predicted of Messiah seemed to fit Zerubbabel to a tee (Zech. 6:9-15).
