See Definition for amartia 266
See Definition for amarthma 265
See Definition for asebeia 763
See Definition for parakoh 3876
See Definition for anomia 458
See Definition for paranomia 3892
See Definition for parabasiv 3847
See Definition for paraptwma 3900
See Definition for agnohma 51
See Definition for htthma 2275
amartia meant originally the missing of a mark. When applied
to moral things the idea is similar, it is missing the true end of
life, and so it is used as a general term for sin. It means both
the act of sinning and the result, the sin itself.
amarthma means only the sin itself, not the act, in its particular
manifestations as separate deeds of disobedience to a divine law.
asebeia is ungodliness, positive and active irreligion, a
condition of direct opposition to God.
parakoh is strictly failing to hear, or hearing carelessly and
inattentively. The sin is in this failure to hear when God speaks, and
also in the active disobedience which ordinarily follows.
anomia is lawlessness, contempt of law, a condition or action
not simply without law, as the etymology might indicate, but contrary
to law. The law is usually by implication the Mosaic law.
paranomia occurs only once, 2Pe 2:16, and is practically
equivalent to anomia.
parabasiv is transgression, the passing beyond some assigned
limit. It is the breaking of a distinctly recognized commandment. It
consequently means more than amartia.
paraptwma is used in different senses, sometimes in a milder
sense, denoting an error, a mistake, a fault; and sometimes meaning a
trespass, a willful sin.
agnohma occurs only once, Heb 9:7. It indicates error,
sin which to a certain extent is the result of ignorance.
htthma denotes being worsted, defeated. In an ethical sense
it means a failure in duty, a fault.
All these different words may occasionally but not usually be used
simply to describe the same act from different points of view. The
fundamental meanings of these words may well be summed up in the
language of Trench:
Sin "may be regarded as the missing of a mark or aim: it is then
amartia or amarthma; the overpassing or transgressing of
a line: it is then parabasiv; the disobedience to a voice: in
which case it is parakoh; the falling where one should have
stood upright: this will be paraptwma; ignorance of what one
ought to have known: this will be agnohma; diminishing of
that which should have been rendered in full measure, which is
htthma; non-observance of a law, which is anomia or
paranomia."
