Text -- Isaiah 3:13-26 (NET)

3:13 The Lord takes his position to judge; he stands up to pass sentence on his people. 3:14 The Lord comes to pronounce judgment on the leaders of his people and their officials. He says, “It is you who have ruined the vineyard! You have stashed in your houses what you have stolen from the poor. 3:15 Why do you crush my people and grind the faces of the poor?” The sovereign Lord who commands armies has spoken.

Washing Away Impurity

3:16 The Lord says, “The women of Zion are proud. They walk with their heads high and flirt with their eyes. They skip along and the jewelry on their ankles jingles. 3:17 So the sovereign master will afflict the foreheads of Zion’s women with skin diseases, the Lord will make the front of their heads bald.” 3:18 At that time the sovereign master will remove their beautiful ankle jewelry, neck ornaments, crescent shaped ornaments, 3:19 earrings, bracelets, veils, 3:20 headdresses, ankle ornaments, sashes, sachets, amulets, 3:21 rings, nose rings, 3:22 festive dresses, robes, shawls, purses, 3:23 garments, vests, head coverings, and gowns. 3:24 A putrid stench will replace the smell of spices, a rope will replace a belt, baldness will replace braided locks of hair, a sackcloth garment will replace a fine robe, and a prisoner’s brand will replace beauty. 3:25 Your men will fall by the sword, your strong men will die in battle. 3:26 Her gates will mourn and lament; deprived of her people, she will sit on the ground.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Isa 3:13

¹ tc The Hebrew text has “nations,” but the preceding and following contexts make it clear that the Lord is judging his covenant people. עָמִים (’amim) should be changed (with support from the LXX) to עמו. The final mem (ם) on the form in the Hebrew is either dittographic or enclitic. When the mem was added or read as a plural ending, the vav (ו) was then misread as a yod (י).

NET Notes: Isa 3:14

¹ tn The words “he says” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

² tn The pronominal element is masculine plural; the leaders are addressed.

³ tn The verb בָּעַר (ba’ar, “graze, ruin”; HALOT 146 s.v. II בער) is a homonym of the more common בָּעַר (ba’ar, “burn”; see HALOT 145 s.v. I בער).

⁴ sn The vineyard is a metaphor for the nation here. See 5:1-7.

⁵ tn Heb “the plunder of the poor [is] in your houses” (so NASB).

NET Notes: Isa 3:15

¹ sn The rhetorical question expresses the Lord’s outrage at what the leaders have done to the poor. He finds it almost unbelievable that they would have the audacity to treat his people in this manner.

² tn Heb “the master, the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts].” On the title “the Lord who commands armies,” see the note at 1:9.

sn The use of this title, which also appears in v. 1, forms an inclusio around vv. 1-15. The speech begins and ends with a reference to “the master, the Lord who commands armies.”

NET Notes: Isa 3:16

¹ tn Heb “daughters” (so KJV, NAB, NRSV).

² tn Heb “with an outstretched neck.” They proudly hold their heads high so that others can see the jewelry around their necks.

³ tn Heb “walking and skipping, they walk.”

⁴ tn Heb “and with their feet they jingle.”

NET Notes: Isa 3:17

¹ tn In the Hebrew text vv. 16-17 and one long sentence, “Because the daughters of Zion are proud and walk…, the sovereign master will afflict….” In v. 17 the Lord refers to himself in the third person.

² tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in v. 18 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

³ tn Heb “the daughters of Zion.”

⁴ tn Or “a scab” (KJV, ASV); NIV, NCV, CEV “sores.”

⁵ tn The precise meaning of this line is unclear because of the presence of the rare word פֹּת (pot). Since the verb in the line means “lay bare, make naked,” some take פֹּת as a reference to the genitals (cf. KJV, ASV, NRSV, CEV). (In 1 Kgs 7:50 a noun פֹּת appears, with the apparent meaning “socket.”) J. N. Oswalt (Isaiah [NICOT], 1:139, n. 2), basing his argument on alleged Akkadian evidence and the parallelism of the verse, takes פֹּת as “forehead.”

NET Notes: Isa 3:18

¹ sn The translation assumes that the direct quotation ends with v. 17. The introductory formula “in that day” and the shift from a poetic to prosaic style indicate that a new speech unit begins in v. 18.

² tn Or “in that day” (KJV).

³ tn Or “the beauty of [their] ankle jewelry.”

NET Notes: Isa 3:20

¹ tn Heb “houses of breath.” HALOT 124 s.v. בַּיִת defines them as “scent-bottles”; cf. NAB, NRSV “perfume boxes.”

NET Notes: Isa 3:23

¹ tn The precise meaning of many of the words in this list is uncertain.

sn The rhetorical purpose for such a lengthy list is to impress on the audience the guilt of these women with their proud, materialistic attitude, whose husbands and fathers have profited at the expense of the poor.

NET Notes: Isa 3:24

¹ tn Heb “and it will be in place of spices there will be a stench.” The nouns for “spices” and “stench” are right next to each other in the MT for emphatic contrast. The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

NET Notes: Isa 3:25

¹ tn The pronoun is feminine singular, suggesting personified Zion, as representative of its women, is the addressee. The reference to “her gates’ in v. 26 makes this identification almost certain.

² tn Heb “your strength in battle.” The verb in the first clause provides the verbal idea for the second clause.

NET Notes: Isa 3:26

¹ tn Heb “she will be empty, on the ground she will sit.” Jerusalem is personified as a destitute woman who sits mourning the empty city.