1:48 When Samlah died, Shaul from Rehoboth on the river 1 succeeded him.
18:3 David defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah as far as Hamath, when he went to extend his authority 2 to the Euphrates River. 3
19:16 When the Arameans realized they had been defeated by Israel, they sent for reinforcements from beyond the Euphrates River, 6 led by Shophach the commanding general of Hadadezer’s army. 7
1 tn Or “near the river.”
2 tn Heb “hand.”
3 tn Heb “when he went to set up his hand at the Euphrates River.” The Hebrew word יָד (yad, “hand”) is usually understood to mean “control” or “dominion” here. However, since יָד does occasionally refer to a monument, perhaps one could translate, “to set up his monument at the Euphrates River” (i.e., as a visible marker of the limits of his dominion). For another example of the Hiphil of נָצַב (natsav) used with יָד (“monument”), see 1 Sam 15:12.
3 tn Heb “stirred up the spirit of.”
4 tn Heb “and the spirit of Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria.” “Pul” and “Tilgath-pilneser” were names of the same Assyrian ruler, more commonly known as Tiglath-pileser (cf. 2 Kgs 15:29).
4 tn Heb “the River,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.
5 tn Heb “and Aram saw that they were struck down before Israel and they sent messengers and brought out Aram which is beyond the River, and Shophach the commander of the army of Hadadezer [was] before them.”