18:1 Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. He took Gath and its surrounding towns 3 away from the Philistines. 4
4:4 Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.
1 tn Heb “[was] over.”
2 tn Heb “and the sons of David [were] the heads at the hand of David.” The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:18 identifies them as “priests” (see sn there on the word “priests”).
3 tn 2 Sam 8:1 identifies this region as “Metheg Ammah.”
4 tn Heb “from the hand of the Philistines.” Here “hand” is figurative language for “control.”