10:1 When the queen of Sheba heard about Solomon, 1 she came to challenge 2 him with difficult questions. 3 10:2 She arrived in Jerusalem 4 with a great display of pomp, 5 bringing with her camels carrying spices, 6 a very large quantity of gold, and precious gems. She visited Solomon and discussed with him everything that was on her mind. 10:3 Solomon answered all her questions; there was no question too complex for the king. 7 10:4 When the queen of Sheba saw for herself Solomon’s extensive wisdom, 8 the palace 9 he had built, 10:5 the food in his banquet hall, 10 his servants and attendants, 11 their robes, his cupbearers, and his burnt offerings which he presented in the Lord’s temple, she was amazed. 12 10:6 She said to the king, “The report I heard in my own country about your wise sayings and insight 13 was true! 10:7 I did not believe these things until I came and saw them with my own eyes. Indeed, I didn’t hear even half the story! 14 Your wisdom and wealth 15 surpass what was reported to me. 10:8 Your attendants, who stand before you at all times and hear your wise sayings, are truly happy! 16 10:9 May the Lord your God be praised because he favored 17 you by placing you on the throne of Israel! Because of the Lord’s eternal love for Israel, he made you king so you could make just and right decisions.” 18 10:10 She gave the king 120 talents 19 of gold, a very large quantity of spices, and precious gems. The quantity of spices the queen of Sheba gave King Solomon has never been matched. 20 10:11 (Hiram’s fleet, which carried gold from Ophir, also brought from Ophir a very large quantity of fine timber and precious gems. 10:12 With the timber the king made supports 21 for the Lord’s temple and for the royal palace and stringed instruments 22 for the musicians. No one has seen so much of this fine timber to this very day. 23 ) 10:13 King Solomon gave the queen of Sheba everything she requested, besides what he had freely offered her. 24 Then she left and returned 25 to her homeland with her attendants.
10:14 Solomon received 666 talents 26 of gold per year, 27 10:15 besides what he collected from the merchants, 28 traders, Arabian kings, and governors of the land. 10:16 King Solomon made two hundred large shields of hammered gold; 600 measures 29 of gold were used for each shield. 10:17 He also made three hundred small shields of hammered gold; three minas 30 of gold were used for each of these shields. The king placed them in the Palace of the Lebanon Forest. 31
10:18 The king made a large throne decorated with ivory and overlaid it with pure gold. 10:19 There were six steps leading up to the throne, and the back of it was rounded on top. The throne had two armrests with a statue of a lion standing on each side. 32 10:20 There were twelve statues of lions on the six steps, one lion at each end of each step. There was nothing like it in any other kingdom. 33
10:21 All of King Solomon’s cups were made of gold, and all the household items in the Palace of the Lebanon Forest were made of pure gold. There were no silver items, for silver was not considered very valuable in Solomon’s time. 34 10:22 Along with Hiram’s fleet, the king had a fleet of large merchant ships 35 that sailed the sea. Once every three years the fleet 36 came into port with cargoes of 37 gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks. 38
10:23 King Solomon was wealthier and wiser than any of the kings of the earth. 39 10:24 Everyone 40 in the world wanted to visit Solomon to see him display his God-given wisdom. 41 10:25 Year after year visitors brought their gifts, which included items of silver, items of gold, clothes, perfume, spices, horses, and mules. 42
10:26 Solomon accumulated 43 chariots and horses. He had 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horses. He kept them in assigned cities and in Jerusalem. 44 10:27 The king made silver as plentiful 45 in Jerusalem as stones; cedar was 46 as plentiful as sycamore fig trees are in the lowlands. 47 10:28 Solomon acquired his horses from Egypt 48 and from Que; the king’s traders purchased them from Que. 10:29 They paid 600 silver pieces for each chariot from Egypt and 150 silver pieces for each horse. They also sold chariots and horses to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Syria. 49
1 tn Heb “the report about Solomon.” The Hebrew text also has, “to the name of the
2 tn Or “test.”
3 tn Or “riddles.”
4 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
5 tn Heb “with very great strength.” The Hebrew term חַיִל (khayil, “strength”) may refer here to the size of her retinue (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV) or to the great wealth she brought with her.
6 tn Or “balsam oil.”
7 tn Heb “Solomon declared to her all her words; there was not a word hidden from the king which he did not declare to her.” If riddles are specifically in view (see v. 1), then one might translate, “Solomon explained to her all her riddles; there was no riddle too complex for the king.”
8 tn Heb “all the wisdom of Solomon.”
9 tn Heb “house.”
10 tn Heb “the food on his table.”
11 tn Heb “the seating of his servants and the standing of his attendants.”
12 tn Heb “there was no breath still in her.”
13 tn Heb “about your words [or perhaps, “deeds”] and your wisdom.”
14 tn Heb “the half was not told to me.”
15 tn Heb “good.”
16 tn Heb “How happy are your men! How happy are these servants of yours, who stand before you continually, who hear your wisdom!”
17 tn Or “delighted in.”
18 tn Heb “to do justice and righteousness.”
19 tn The Hebrew term כִּכָּר (kikkar, “circle”) refers generally to something that is round. When used of metals it can refer to a disk-shaped weight made of the metal or to a standard unit of weight, generally regarded as a talent. Since the accepted weight for a talent of metal is about 75 pounds, this would have amounted to about 9,000 pounds of gold (cf. NCV, NLT); CEV “five tons”; TEV “4,000 kilogrammes.”
20 tn Heb “there has not come like those spices yet for quantity which the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon.”
21 tn This Hebrew architectural term occurs only here. The meaning is uncertain; some have suggested “banisters” or “parapets”; cf. TEV, NLT “railings.” The parallel passage in 2 Chr 9:11 has a different word, meaning “tracks,” or perhaps “steps.”
22 tn Two types of stringed instruments are specifically mentioned, the כִּנּוֹר (kinnor, “zither” [?]), and נֶבֶל (nevel, “harp”).
23 tn Heb “there has not come thus, the fine timber, and there has not been seen to this day.”
24 tn Heb “besides what he had given her according to the hand of King Solomon.”
25 tn Heb “turned and went.”
26 tn The Hebrew term כִּכָּר (kikkar, “circle”) refers generally to something that is round. When used of metals it can refer to a disk-shaped weight made of the metal or to a standard unit of weight, generally regarded as a talent. Since the accepted weight for a talent of metal is about 75 pounds, this would have amounted to about 50,000 pounds of gold (cf. NCV); CEV, NLT “twenty-five tons”; TEV “almost 23,000 kilogrammes.”
27 tn Heb “the weight of the gold which came to Solomon in one year was 666 talents of gold.”
28 tn Heb “traveling men.”
29 tn The Hebrew text has simply “six hundred,” with no unit of measure given.
30 sn Three minas. The mina was a unit of measure for weight.
31 sn The Palace of the Lebanon Forest. This name was appropriate because of the large amount of cedar, undoubtedly brought from Lebanon, used in its construction. The cedar pillars in the palace must have given it the appearance of a forest.
32 tn Heb “[There were] armrests on each side of the place of the seat, and two lions standing beside the armrests.”
33 tn Heb “nothing like it had been made for all the kingdoms.”
34 tn Heb “there was no silver, it was not regarded as anything in the days of Solomon.”
35 tn Heb “a fleet of Tarshish [ships].” This probably refers to large ships either made in or capable of traveling to the distant western port of Tarshish.
36 tn Heb “the fleet of Tarshish [ships].”
37 tn Heb “came carrying.”
38 tn The meaning of this word is unclear. Some suggest “baboons.”
39 tn Heb “King Solomon was greater than all the kings of the earth with respect to wealth and with respect to wisdom.”
40 tc The Old Greek translation and Syriac Peshitta have “all the kings of the earth.” See 2 Chr 9:23.
41 tn Heb “and all the earth was seeking the face of Solomon to hear his wisdom which God had placed in his heart.”
42 tn Heb “and they were bringing each one his gift, items of silver…and mules, the matter of a year in a year.”
43 tn Or “gathered.”
44 tn Heb “he placed them in the chariot cities and with the king in Jerusalem.”
45 tn The words “as plentiful” are added for clarification.
46 tn Heb “he made.”
47 tn Heb “as the sycamore fig trees which are in the Shephelah.”
48 sn From Egypt. Because Que is also mentioned, some prefer to see in vv. 28-29 a reference to Mutsur. Que and Mutsur were located in Cilicia/Cappadocia (in modern southern Turkey). See HALOT 625 s.v. מִצְרַיִם.
49 tn Heb “and a chariot went up and came out of Egypt for six hundred silver [pieces], and a horse for one hundred fifty, and in the same way to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aram by their hand they brought out.”