1 Kings 22:11

22:11 Zedekiah son of Kenaanah made iron horns and said, “This is what the Lord says, ‘With these you will gore Syria until they are destroyed.’”

1 Kings 22:2

22:2 In the third year King Jehoshaphat of Judah came down to visit ¹  the king of Israel.

1 Kings 18:10

18:10 As certainly as the Lord your God lives, my master has sent to every nation and kingdom in an effort to find you. When they say, ‘He’s not here,’ he makes them ²  swear an oath that they could not find you.

Psalms 44:5

44:5 By your power ³  we will drive back ⁴  our enemies;

by your strength ⁵  we will trample down ⁶  our foes! ⁷ 

¹ tn The word “visit” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

² tn Heb “he makes the kingdom or the nation swear an oath.”

³ tn Heb “by you.”

⁴ tn Heb “gore” (like an ox). If this portion of the psalm contains the song of confidence/petition the Israelites recited prior to battle, then the imperfects here and in the next line may express their expectation of victory. Another option is that the imperfects function in an emphatic generalizing manner. In this case one might translate, “you [always] drive back…you [always] trample down.”

⁵ tn Heb “in your name.” The Lord’s “name” refers here to his revealed character or personal presence. Specifically in this context his ability to deliver, protect, and energize for battle is in view (see Ps 54:1).

⁶ sn The image of the powerful wild ox continues; see the note on the phrase “drive back” in the preceding line.

⁷ tn Heb “those who rise up [against] us.”