1 Kings 4:21

4:21 (5:1) ¹  Solomon ruled all the kingdoms from the Euphrates River ²  to the land of the Philistines, as far as the border of Egypt. These kingdoms paid tribute as Solomon’s subjects throughout his lifetime. ³ 

1 Kings 4:24

4:24 His royal court was so large because ⁴  he ruled over all the kingdoms west of the Euphrates River from Tiphsah ⁵  to Gaza; he was at peace with all his neighbors. ⁶ 

Psalms 72:8-11

72:8 May he rule ⁷  from sea to sea, ⁸ 

and from the Euphrates River ⁹  to the ends of the earth!

72:9 Before him the coastlands ¹⁰  will bow down,

and his enemies will lick the dust. ¹¹ 

72:10 The kings of Tarshish ¹²  and the coastlands will offer gifts;

the kings of Sheba ¹³  and Seba ¹⁴  will bring tribute.

72:11 All kings will bow down to him;

all nations will serve him.

Daniel 7:14

7:14 To him was given ruling authority, honor, and sovereignty.

All peoples, nations, and language groups were serving ¹⁵  him.

His authority is eternal and will not pass away. ¹⁶ 

His kingdom will not be destroyed. ¹⁷ 

Revelation 19:16

19:16 He has a name written on his clothing and on his thigh: “King of kings and Lord of lords.”

¹ sn Beginning with 4:21, the verse numbers through 5:18 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 4:21 ET = 5:1 HT, 4:22 ET = 5:2 HT, etc., through 5:18 ET = 5:32 HT. Beginning with 6:1 the numbering of verses in the English Bible and the Hebrew text is again the same.

² tn Heb “the River” (also in v. 24). This is the standard designation for the Euphrates River in biblical Hebrew.

³ tn Heb “[They] were bringing tribute and were serving Solomon all the days of his life.”

⁴ tn Heb “because.” The words “his royal court was so large” are added to facilitate the logical connection with the preceding verse.

⁵ sn Tiphsah. This was located on the Euphrates River.

⁶ tn Heb “for he was ruling over all [the region] beyond the River, from Tiphsah to Gaza, over all the kingdoms beyond the River, and he had peace on every side all around.”

⁷ tn The prefixed verbal form is a (shortened) jussive form, indicating this is a prayer of blessing.

⁸ sn From sea to sea. This may mean from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Dead Sea in the east. See Amos 8:12. The language of this and the following line also appears in Zech 9:10.

⁹ tn Heb “the river,” a reference to the Euphrates.

¹⁰ tn Or “islands.” The term here refers metonymically to those people who dwell in these regions.

¹¹ sn As they bow down before him, it will appear that his enemies are licking the dust.

¹² sn Tarshish was a distant western port, the precise location of which is uncertain.

¹³ sn Sheba was located in Arabia.

¹⁴ sn Seba was located in Africa.

¹⁵ tn Some take “serving” here in the sense of “worshiping.”

¹⁶ tn Aram “is an eternal authority which will not pass away.”

¹⁷ tn Aram “is one which will not be destroyed.”