1 Samuel 17:12-15

17:12 ¹ Now David was the son of this Ephrathite named Jesse from Bethlehem ²  in Judah. He had eight sons, and in Saul’s days he was old and well advanced in years. ³  17:13 Jesse’s three oldest sons had followed Saul to war. The names of the ⁴  three sons who went to war were Eliab, his firstborn, Abinadab, the second oldest, and Shammah, the third oldest. 17:14 Now David was the youngest. While the three oldest sons followed Saul, 17:15 David was going back and forth ⁵  from Saul in order to care for his father’s sheep in Bethlehem.

1 Samuel 17:28

17:28 When David’s ⁶  oldest brother Eliab heard him speaking to the men, he became angry ⁷  with David and said, “Why have you come down here? To whom did you entrust those few sheep in the desert? I am familiar with your pride and deceit! ⁸  You have come down here to watch the battle!”

1 Samuel 17:2

17:2 Saul and the Israelite army ⁹  assembled and camped in the valley of Elah, where they arranged their battle lines to fight against ¹⁰  the Philistines.

1 Samuel 7:8

7:8 The Israelites said to Samuel, “Keep ¹¹  crying out to the Lord our ¹²  God so that he may save us ¹³  from the hand of the Philistines!”

1 Samuel 7:1

7:1 Then the people ¹⁴  of Kiriath Jearim came and took the ark of the Lord; they brought it to the house of Abinadab located on the hill. They consecrated Eleazar his son to guard the ark of the Lord.

1 Samuel 17:7

17:7 The shaft ¹⁵  of his spear was like a weaver’s beam, and the iron point of his spear weighed six hundred shekels. ¹⁶  His shield bearer was walking before him.

Psalms 78:70-71

78:70 He chose David, his servant,

and took him from the sheepfolds.

78:71 He took him away from following the mother sheep, ¹⁷ 

and made him the shepherd of Jacob, his people,

and of Israel, his chosen nation. ¹⁸ 

¹ tc Some mss of the LXX lack vv. 12-31.

² map For location see Map5-B1; Map7-E2; Map8-E2; Map10-B4.

³ tc The translation follows the Lucianic recension of the LXX and the Syriac Peshitta in reading “in years,” rather than MT “among men.”

⁴ tn Heb “his.”

⁵ tn Heb “was going and returning.”

⁶ tn Heb “his”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁷ tn Heb “the anger of Eliab became hot.”

⁸ tn Heb “the wickedness of your heart.”

⁹ tn Heb “the men of Israel” (so KJV, NASB); NAB, NIV, NRSV “the Israelites.”

¹⁰ tn Heb “to meet.”

¹¹ tn Heb “don’t stop.”

¹² tc The LXX reads “your God” rather than the MT’s “our God.”

¹³ tn After the negated jussive, the prefixed verbal form with the prefixed conjunction indicates purpose/result.

¹⁴ tn Heb “men.”

¹⁵ tn The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew mss in reading “wood,” rather than the “arrow” (the reading of the Kethib).

¹⁶ sn That is, about fifteen or sixteen pounds.

¹⁷ tn Heb “from after the ewes he brought him.”

¹⁸ tn Heb “to shepherd Jacob, his people, and Israel, his inheritance.”