1 Samuel 25:21

25:21 Now David had been thinking, “In vain I guarded everything that belonged to this man in the desert. I didn’t take anything from him. But he has repaid my good with evil.

Matthew 12:24

12:24 But when the Pharisees heard this they said, “He does not cast out demons except by the power of Beelzebul, the ruler of demons!”

Luke 23:2

23:2 They began to accuse him, saying, “We found this man subverting our nation, forbidding us to pay the tribute tax to Caesar 10  and claiming that he himself is Christ, 11  a king.”

Acts 22:22

The Roman Commander Questions Paul

22:22 The crowd 12  was listening to him until he said this. 13  Then 14  they raised their voices and shouted, 15  “Away with this man 16  from the earth! For he should not be allowed to live!” 17 


tn Heb “said.”

sn See the note on Pharisees in 3:7.

tn Grk “except by Beelzebul.”

tn Or “prince.”

tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

sn They began to accuse him. There were three charges: (1) disturbing Jewish peace; (2) fomenting rebellion through advocating not paying taxes (a lie – 20:20-26); and (3) claiming to be a political threat to Rome, by claiming to be a king, an allusion to Jesus’ messianic claims. The second and third charges were a direct challenge to Roman authority. Pilate would be forced to do something about them.

tn On the use of the term διαστρέφω (diastrefw) here, see L&N 31.71 and 88.264.

tn Grk “and forbidding.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated to suggest to the English reader that this and the following charge are specifics, while the previous charge was a summary one. See the note on the word “misleading” earlier in this verse.

tn This was a “poll tax.” L&N 57.182 states this was “a payment made by the people of one nation to another, with the implication that this is a symbol of submission and dependence – ‘tribute tax.’”

10 tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

11 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

12 tn Grk “They were listening”; the referent (the crowd) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

13 tn Grk “until this word.”

14 tn Grk “And.” To indicate the logical sequence, καί (kai) has been translated as “then” here.

15 tn Grk “and said.”

16 tn Grk “this one.”

17 tn BDAG 491 s.v. καθήκω has “to be appropriate, come/reach to, be proper/fitting…Usu. impers. καθήκει it comes (to someone)…foll. by acc. and inf….οὐ καθῆκεν αὐτὸν ζῆν he should not be allowed to live Ac 22:22.”