1 Thessalonians 5:3-9

5:3 Now when ¹  they are saying, “There is peace and security,” ²  then sudden destruction comes on them, like labor pains ³  on a pregnant woman, and they will surely not escape. 5:4 But you, brothers and sisters, ⁴  are not in the darkness for the day to overtake you like a thief would. 5:5 For you all are sons of the light and sons of the day. We are not of the night nor of the darkness. 5:6 So then we must not sleep as the rest, but must stay alert and sober. 5:7 For those who sleep, sleep at night and those who get drunk are drunk at night. 5:8 But since we are of the day, we must stay sober by putting on the breastplate ⁵  of faith and love and as a helmet our hope for salvation. ⁶  5:9 For God did not destine us for wrath ⁷  but for gaining salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ.

¹ tc ‡ δέ (de, “now”) is found in א² B D 0226 6 1505 1739 1881 al, but lacking in א* A F G 33 it. γάρ (gar, “for”) is the reading of the Byzantine text and a few other witnesses (Ψ 0278 Ï). Although normally the shorter reading is to be preferred, the external evidence is superior for δέ (being found in the somewhat better Alexandrian and Western witnesses). What, then, is to explain the γάρ? Scribes were prone to replace δέ with γάρ, especially in sentences suggesting a causal or explanatory idea, thus making the point more explicit. Internally, the omission of δέ looks unintentional, a case of homoioarcton (otandelegwsin). Although a decision is difficult, in this instance δέ has the best credentials for authenticity.

² tn Grk “peace and security,” with “there is” understood in the Greek construction.

³ tn Grk a singular “birth pain.”

⁴ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:4.

⁵ sn An allusion to Isa 59:17.

⁶ tn Grk “hope of salvation” (“a helmet…for salvation” is an allusion to Isa 59:17).

⁷ sn God did not destine us for wrath. In context this refers to the outpouring of God’s wrath on the earth in the day of the Lord (1 Thess 5:2-4).