1:1 From Paul, 1 an apostle of Christ Jesus by the command of God our Savior 2 and of Christ Jesus our hope,
1:16 for all things in heaven and on earth were created by him – all things, whether visible or invisible, whether thrones or dominions, 3 whether principalities or powers – all things were created through him and for him.
1 tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.
2 sn God our Savior. Use of the title “Savior” for God the Father is characteristic of 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus. It occurs six times in these letters, but only twice elsewhere in the NT. However, it occurs commonly in the OT, especially in Isaiah. It emphasizes the Father as the initiator and source of salvation.
3 tn BDAG 579 s.v. κυριότης 3 suggests “bearers of the ruling powers, dominions” here.