2 Corinthians 11:24-26

11:24 Five times I received from the Jews forty lashes less one. ¹  11:25 Three times I was beaten with a rod. ²  Once I received a stoning. ³  Three times I suffered shipwreck. A night and a day I spent adrift in the open sea. 11:26 I have been on journeys many times, in dangers from rivers, in dangers from robbers, ⁴  in dangers from my own countrymen, in dangers from Gentiles, in dangers in the city, in dangers in the wilderness, ⁵  in dangers at sea, in dangers from false brothers,

¹ tn Grk “forty less one”; this was a standard sentence. “Lashes” is supplied to clarify for the modern reader what is meant.

² sn Beaten with a rod refers to the Roman punishment of admonitio according to BDAG 902 s.v. ῥαβδίζω. Acts 16:22 describes one of these occasions in Philippi; in this case it was administered by the city magistrates, who had wide powers in a military colony.

³ sn Received a stoning. See Acts 14:19, where this incident is described.

⁴ tn Or “bandits.” The word normally refers more to highwaymen (“robbers”) but can also refer to insurrectionists or revolutionaries (“bandits”).

⁵ tn Or “desert.”