2 Kings 3:8

3:8 He then asked, “Which invasion route are we going to take?” ¹  Jehoram ²  answered, “By the road through the Desert of Edom.”

2 Kings 8:20

8:20 During his reign Edom freed themselves from Judah’s control and set up their own king. ³ 

2 Kings 3:9

3:9 So the kings of Israel, Judah, and Edom ⁴  set out together. They wandered around on the road for seven days and finally ran out of water for the men and animals they had with them.

2 Kings 3:12

3:12 Jehoshaphat said, “The Lord speaks through him.” ⁵  So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat and the king of Edom went down to visit him.

2 Kings 3:20

3:20 Sure enough, the next morning, at the time of the morning sacrifice, water came flowing down from Edom and filled the land. ⁶ 

2 Kings 8:22

8:22 So Edom has remained free from Judah’s control to this very day. ⁷  At that same time Libnah also rebelled.

2 Kings 14:10

14:10 You thoroughly defeated Edom ⁸  and it has gone to your head! ⁹  Gloat over your success, ¹⁰  but stay in your palace. Why bring calamity on yourself? Why bring down yourself and Judah along with you?” ¹¹ 

2 Kings 3:26

3:26 When the king of Moab realized he was losing the battle, ¹²  he and 700 swordsmen tried to break through and attack ¹³  the king of Edom, but they failed.

2 Kings 8:21

8:21 Joram ¹⁴  crossed over to Zair with all his chariots. The Edomites, who had surrounded him, attacked at night and defeated him and his chariot officers. ¹⁵  The Israelite army retreated to their homeland. ¹⁶ 

2 Kings 14:7

14:7 He defeated ¹⁷  10,000 Edomites in the Salt Valley; he captured Sela in battle and renamed it Joktheel, a name it has retained to this very day.

¹ tn Heb “Where is the road we will go up?”

² tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehoram) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Heb “in his days Edom rebelled from under the hand of Judah and enthroned a king over them.”

⁵ tn Heb “the king of Israel and the king of Judah and the king of Edom.”

⁷ tn Heb “the word of the Lord is with him.”

⁹ tn Heb “and in the morning, when the offering is offered up, look, water was coming from the way of Edom, and the land was filled with water.”

¹¹ tn Heb “and Edom rebelled from under the hand of Judah until this day.”

¹³ tn Or “you have indeed defeated Edom.”

¹⁴ tn Heb “and your heart has lifted you up.”

¹⁵ tn Heb “be glorified.”

¹⁶ tn Heb “Why get involved in calamity and fall, you and Judah with you?”

¹⁵ tn Heb “and the king of Moab saw that the battle was too strong for him.”

¹⁶ tn Heb “he took with him seven hundred men, who drew the sword, to break through against.”

¹⁷ sn Joram is a short form of the name Jehoram.

¹⁸ tn Heb “and he arose at night and defeated Edom, who had surrounded him, and the chariot officers.” The Hebrew text as it stands gives the impression that Joram was surrounded and launched a victorious night counterattack. It would then be quite natural to understand the last statement in the verse to refer to an Edomite retreat. Yet v. 22 goes on to state that the Edomite revolt was successful. Therefore, if the MT is retained, it may be better to understand the final statement in v. 21 as a reference to an Israelite retreat (made in spite of the success described in the preceding sentence). The translation above assumes an emendation of the Hebrew text. Adding a third masculine singular pronominal suffix to the accusative sign before Edom (reading אֶתוֹ [’eto], “him,” instead of just אֶת [’et]) and taking Edom as the subject of verbs allows one to translate the verse in a way that is more consistent with the context, which depicts an Israelite defeat, not victory. There is, however, no evidence for this emendation.

¹⁹ tn Heb “and the people fled to their tents.”

¹⁹ tn Or “struck down.”