2 Kings 8:24

8:24 Joram passed away¹ and was buried with his ancestors in the city of David. His son Ahaziah replaced him as king.

2 Kings 14:16

14:16 Jehoash passed away² and was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel. His son Jeroboam replaced him as king.)

2 Kings 15:7

15:7 Azariah passed away³ and was buried⁴ with his ancestors in the city of David. His son Jotham replaced him as king.

2 Kings 15:38

15:38 Jotham passed away⁵ and was buried with his ancestors in the city of his ancestor David. His son Ahaz replaced him as king.

2 Kings 16:3

16:3 He followed in the footsteps of⁶ the kings of Israel. He passed his son through the fire,⁷ a horrible sin practiced by the nations⁸ whom the Lord drove out from before the Israelites.

2 Kings 16:18

16:18 He also removed the Sabbath awning⁹ that had been built¹⁰ in the temple and the king’s outer entranceway, on account of the king of Assyria.¹¹

2 Kings 16:20

16:20 Ahaz passed away¹² and was buried with his ancestors in the city of David. His son Hezekiah replaced him as king.

2 Kings 21:6

21:6 He passed his son¹³ through the fire¹⁴ and practiced divination and omen reading. He set up a ritual pit to conjure up underworld spirits, and appointed magicians to supervise it.¹⁵ He did a great amount of evil in the sight of the Lord, provoking him to anger.¹⁶

2 Kings 21:18

21:18 Manasseh passed away¹⁷ and was buried in his palace garden, the garden of Uzzah, and his son Amon replaced him as king.

2 Kings 21:24

21:24 The people of the land executed all those who had conspired against King Amon, and they¹⁸ made his son Josiah king in his place.

2 Kings 23:10

23:10 The king¹⁹ ruined Topheth in the Valley of Ben Hinnom so that no one could pass his son or his daughter through the fire to Molech.²⁰

¹tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”

²tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”

³tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”

⁴tn Heb “and they buried him.”

⁴tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”

⁵tn Heb “he walked in the way of.”

⁶sn This may refer to child sacrifice, though some interpret it as a less drastic cultic practice. For discussion see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 266-67.

⁷tn Heb “like the abominable practices of the nations.”

⁶tn The precise meaning of the Hebrew term מוּסַךְ (musakh; Qere) / מִיסַךְ (misakh; Kethib) is uncertain. For discussion see HALOT 557 s.v. מוּסַךְ and M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 189-90.

⁷tn Heb “that they built.”

⁸sn It is doubtful that Tiglath-pileser ordered these architectural changes. Ahaz probably made these changes so he could send some of the items and materials to the Assyrian king as tribute. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 190, 193.

⁷tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”

⁸tc The LXX has the plural “his sons” here.

⁹sn See the note at 2 Kgs 16:3.

¹⁰tn Heb “and he set up a ritual pit, along with conjurers.” The Hebrew אוֹב (’ov), “ritual pit,” refers to a pit used by a magician to conjure up underworld spirits. In 1 Sam 28:7 the witch of Endor is called a בַעֲלַת אוֹב (ba’alat ’ov), “owner of a ritual pit.” See H. Hoffner, “Second millennium Antecedents to the Hebrew ’OñBù,” JBL 86 (1967), 385-401.

¹¹tc Heb “and he multiplied doing what is evil in the eyes of the Lord, angering.” The third masculine singular pronominal suffix (“him”) has been accidentally omitted in the MT by haplography (note the vav that immediately follows).

⁹tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”

¹⁰tn Heb “the people of the land.” The pronoun “they” has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons, to avoid the repetition of the phrase “the people of the land” from the beginning of the verse.

¹¹tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹²sn Attempts to identify this deity with a god known from the ancient Near East have not yet yielded a consensus. For brief discussions see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor II Kings (AB), 288 and HALOT 592 s.v. מֹלֶךְ. For more extensive studies see George C. Heider, The Cult of Molek, and John Day, Molech: A God of Human Sacrifice in the Old Testament.