1:1 From Paul, 2 an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, to further the promise 3 of life in Christ Jesus, 1:2 to Timothy, my dear child. Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord!
4:1 I solemnly charge you before God and Christ Jesus, who is going to judge the living and the dead, and by his appearing and his kingdom:
1 tn Grk “suffer hardship together,” implying “join with me and others in suffering” (cf. 1:8).
2 tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.
3 tn Grk “for the promise…” or possibly “in accordance with the promise…”
3 tn Grk “having broken…and having brought…” (describing Christ). Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here (and at the beginning of v. 11) in the translation.