36:2 Moses summoned 6 Bezalel and Oholiab and every skilled person in whom 7 the Lord had put skill – everyone whose heart stirred him 8 to volunteer 9 to do the work,
12:1 Therefore I exhort you, brothers and sisters, 28 by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a sacrifice – alive, holy, and pleasing to God 29 – which is your reasonable service.
5:1 34 Therefore, since we have been declared righteous by faith, we have 35 peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ,
1 tn Or “the word.”
2 tn Or “be persistent.”
3 tn Grk “in season, out of season.”
4 tn Or “encourage.”
5 tn The text simply uses a prepositional phrase, “with/in wisdom.” It seems to be qualifying “the women” as the relative clause is.
6 tn The verb קָרָא (qara’) plus the preposition “to” – “to call to” someone means “to summon” that person.
7 tn Here there is a slight change: “in whose heart Yahweh had put skill.”
8 tn Or “whose heart was willing.”
9 sn The verb means more than “approach” or “draw near”; קָרַב (qarav) is the word used for drawing near the altar as in bringing an offering. Here they offer themselves, their talents and their time.
10 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
11 sn A talent was equal to 6000 denarii. See the note on this term in 18:24.
12 tn Grk “traded with them.”
13 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
14 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
15 tn Grk Or “Lord; or “Master” (and so throughout this paragraph).
16 tn Grk “His master said to him.”
17 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
18 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
19 tn Grk “But answering, his master said to him.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation.
20 tn For the translation “deposited my money with the bankers,” see L&N 57.216.
21 sn That is, “If you really feared me you should have done a minimum to get what I asked for.”
22 tn Grk “the ten talents.”
23 tn Grk “to everyone who has, he will be given more.”
24 sn The one who has nothing has even what he seems to have taken from him, ending up with no reward at all (see also Luke 8:18). The exact force of this is left ambiguous, but there is no comfort here for those who are pictured by the third slave as being totally unmoved by the master. Though not an outright enemy, there is no relationship to the master either.
25 tn See the note on the word “slave” in 7:2.
26 sn That is, one for each. A mina was a Greek monetary unit worth one hundred denarii or about four months’ wages for an average worker based on a six-day work week.
27 tn This word comes from the same root as “grace” in the following clause; it means “things graciously given,” “grace-gifts.”
28 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.
29 tn The participle and two adjectives “alive, holy, and pleasing to God” are taken as predicates in relation to “sacrifice,” making the exhortation more emphatic. See ExSyn 618-19.
30 sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).
31 tn Grk “the many.”
32 sn One man refers here to Jesus Christ.
33 tn Grk “the many.”
34 sn Many interpreters see Rom 5:1 as beginning the second major division of the letter.
35 tc A number of important witnesses have the subjunctive ἔχωμεν (ecwmen, “let us have”) instead of ἔχομεν (ecomen, “we have”) in v. 1. Included in the subjunctive’s support are א* A B* C D K L 33 81 630 1175 1739* pm lat bo. But the indicative is not without its supporters: א1 B2 F G P Ψ 0220vid 104 365 1241 1505 1506 1739c 1881 2464 pm. If the problem were to be solved on an external basis only, the subjunctive would be preferred. Because of this, the “A” rating on behalf of the indicative in the UBS4 appears overly confident. Nevertheless, the indicative is probably correct. First, the earliest witness to Rom 5:1 has the indicative (0220vid, third century). Second, the first set of correctors is sometimes, if not often, of equal importance with the original hand. Hence, א1 might be given equal value with א*. Third, there is a good cross-section of witnesses for the indicative: Alexandrian (in 0220vid, probably א1 1241 1506 1881 al), Western (in F G), and Byzantine (noted in NA27 as pm). Thus, although the external evidence is strongly in favor of the subjunctive, the indicative is represented well enough that its ancestry could easily go back to the original. Turning to the internal evidence, the indicative gains much ground. (1) The variant may have been produced via an error of hearing (since omicron and omega were pronounced alike in ancient Greek). This, of course, does not indicate which reading was original – just that an error of hearing may have produced one of them. In light of the indecisiveness of the transcriptional evidence, intrinsic evidence could play a much larger role. This is indeed the case here. (2) The indicative fits well with the overall argument of the book to this point. Up until now, Paul has been establishing the “indicatives of the faith.” There is only one imperative (used rhetorically) and only one hortatory subjunctive (and this in a quotation within a diatribe) up till this point, while from ch. 6 on there are sixty-one imperatives and seven hortatory subjunctives. Clearly, an exhortation would be out of place in ch. 5. (3) Paul presupposes that the audience has peace with God (via reconciliation) in 5:10. This seems to assume the indicative in v. 1. (4) As C. E. B. Cranfield notes, “it would surely be strange for Paul, in such a carefully argued writing as this, to exhort his readers to enjoy or to guard a peace which he has not yet explicitly shown to be possessed by them” (Romans [ICC], 1:257). (5) The notion that εἰρήνην ἔχωμεν (eirhnhn ecwmen) can even naturally mean “enjoy peace” is problematic (ExSyn 464), yet those who embrace the subjunctive have to give the verb some such force. Thus, although the external evidence is stronger in support of the subjunctive, the internal evidence points to the indicative. Although a decision is difficult, ἔχομεν appears to be the authentic reading.
36 tn Grk “of the faith, the one [existing] in uncircumcision.”
37 tn Grk “that he might be,” giving the purpose of v. 11a.
38 tn Grk “through uncircumcision.”