20:1 After the disturbance had ended, Paul sent for the disciples, and after encouraging 4 them and saying farewell, 5 he left to go to Macedonia. 6 20:2 After he had gone through those regions 7 and spoken many words of encouragement 8 to the believers there, 9 he came to Greece, 10 20:3 where he stayed 11 for three months. Because the Jews had made 12 a plot 13 against him as he was intending 14 to sail 15 for Syria, he decided 16 to return through Macedonia. 17 20:4 Paul 18 was accompanied by Sopater son of Pyrrhus from Berea, 19 Aristarchus and Secundus from Thessalonica, 20 Gaius 21 from Derbe, 22 and Timothy, as well as Tychicus and Trophimus from the province of Asia. 23 20:5 These had gone on ahead 24 and were waiting for us in Troas. 25 20:6 We 26 sailed away from Philippi 27 after the days of Unleavened Bread, 28 and within five days 29 we came to the others 30 in Troas, 31 where we stayed for seven days.
1 tn Although the normal meaning for παρέρχομαι (parercomai) is “pass by, go by,” it would be difficult to get to Troas from where Paul and his companions were without going through rather than around Mysia. BDAG 776 s.v. παρέρχομαι 6 list some nonbiblical examples of the meaning “go through, pass through,” and give that meaning for the usage here.
2 sn Mysia was a province in northwest Asia Minor.
3 sn Troas was a port city (and surrounding region) on the northwest coast of Asia Minor, near ancient Troy.
4 tn Or “exhorting.”
5 tn Or “and taking leave of them.”
6 sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.
7 tn BDAG 633 s.v. μέρος 1.b.γ gives the meanings “the parts (of a geographical area), region, district,” but the use of “district” in this context probably implies too much specificity.
8 tn Grk “and encouraging them with many words.” The participle παρακαλέσας (parakalesa", “encouraging”) has been translated by the phrase “spoken…words of encouragement” because the formal equivalent is awkward in contemporary English.
9 tn Grk “[to] them”; the referent (the believers there) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
10 tn In popular usage the term translated “Greece” here could also refer to the Roman province officially known as Achaia (BDAG 318 s.v. ῾Ελλάς).
11 tn BDAG 841 s.v. ποιέω 5.c, “w. an acc. of time spend, stay.”
12 tn The participle βενομένης (benomenh") has been translated as a causal adverbial participle. L&N 30.71 has “ἐπιβουλῆς αὐτῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ᾿Ιουδαίων ‘because the Jews had made a plot against him’ Ac 20:3.”
13 sn This plot is one of several noted by Luke (Acts 9:20; 20:19; 23:30).
14 tn BDAG 628 s.v. μέλλω 1.c.γ has “denoting an intended action: intend, propose, have in mind…Ac 17:31; 20:3, 7, 13ab; 23:15; 26:2; 27:30.”
15 tn BDAG 62 s.v. ἀνάγω 4 gives “put out to sea” here (as a nautical technical term). However, since the English expression “put out to sea” could be understood to mean Paul was already aboard the ship (which is not clear from the context), the simpler expression “sail” is used at this point in the translation.
16 tn BDAG 199 s.v. γίνομαι 7 has “ἐγένετο γνώμης he decided Ac 20:3.”
17 sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.
18 tn Grk “He”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
19 sn Berea (alternate spelling in NRSV Beroea; Greek Beroia) was a very old city in Macedonia on the river Astraeus about 45 mi (75 km) from Thessalonica.
20 tn Grk “of the Thessalonians.”
21 tn Grk “and Gaius,” but this καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
22 sn Derbe was a city in Lycaonia about 30 mi (50 km) southeast of Lystra.
23 tn Grk “the Asians Tychicus and Trophimus.” In the NT “Asia” always refers to the Roman province of Asia, made up of about one-third of the west and southwest end of modern Asia Minor. Asia lay to the west of the region of Phrygia and Galatia. The words “the province of” are supplied to indicate to the modern reader that this does not refer to the continent of Asia.
24 tn Grk “These, having gone on ahead, were waiting.” The participle προελθόντες (proelqonte") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
25 sn Troas was a port city (and surrounding region) on the northwest coast of Asia Minor.
26 sn This marks the beginning of another “we” section in Acts. These have been traditionally understood to mean that Luke was in the company of Paul for this part of the journey.
27 map For location see JP1-C1; JP2-C1; JP3-C1; JP4-C1.
28 sn The days of Unleavened Bread refer to the week following Passover. Originally an agricultural festival commemorating the beginning of harvest, it was celebrated for seven days beginning on the fifteenth day of the month Nisan (March-April). It was later combined with Passover (Exod 12:1-20; Ezek 45:21-24; Matt 26:17; Luke 22:1).
29 tn BDAG 160 s.v. ἄχρι 1.a.α has “ἄ. ἡμερῶν πέντε within five days Ac 20:6.”
30 tn Grk “to them”; the referent (the others mentioned in v. 4) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
31 sn Troas was a port city (and surrounding region) on the northwest coast of Asia Minor. From Philippi to Troas was about 125 mi (200 km).
32 tn More commonly λαμπάς (lampa") means “torch,” but here according to BDAG 585 s.v. λαμπάς 2, “lamp…w. a wick and space for oil.”
33 sn This is best taken as a parenthetical note by the author.