Acts 2:32-36

2:32 This Jesus God raised up, and we are all witnesses of it. ¹  2:33 So then, exalted ²  to the right hand ³  of God, and having received ⁴  the promise of the Holy Spirit ⁵  from the Father, he has poured out ⁶  what you both see and hear. 2:34 For David did not ascend into heaven, but he himself says,

‘The Lord said to my lord,

“Sit ⁷  at my right hand

2:35 until I make your enemies a footstool ⁸  for your feet.”’ ⁹ 

2:36 Therefore let all the house of Israel know beyond a doubt ¹⁰  that God has made this Jesus whom you crucified ¹¹  both Lord ¹²  and Christ.” ¹³ 

Acts 3:14-15

3:14 But you rejected ¹⁴  the Holy and Righteous One and asked that a man who was a murderer be released to you. 3:15 You killed ¹⁵  the Originator ¹⁶  of life, whom God raised ¹⁷  from the dead. To this fact we are witnesses! ¹⁸ 

Acts 5:31-32

5:31 God exalted him ¹⁹  to his right hand as Leader ²⁰  and Savior, to give repentance to Israel and forgiveness of sins. ²¹  5:32 And we are witnesses of these events, ²²  and so is the Holy Spirit whom God has given to those who obey ²³  him.”

Ephesians 1:19-22

1:19 and what is the incomparable ²⁴  greatness of his power toward ²⁵  us who believe, as displayed in ²⁶  the exercise of his immense strength. ²⁷  1:20 This power ²⁸  he exercised ²⁹  in Christ when he raised him ³⁰  from the dead and seated him ³¹  at his right hand in the heavenly realms ³²  1:21 far above every rule and authority and power and dominion and every name that is named, not only in this age but also in the one to come. 1:22 And God ³³  put ³⁴  all things under Christ’s ³⁵  feet, ³⁶  and he gave him to the church as head over all things. ³⁷ 

¹ tn Or “of him”; Grk “of which [or whom] we are all witnesses” (Acts 1:8).

² tn The aorist participle ὑψωθείς (Juywqei") could be taken temporally: “So then, after he was exalted…” In the translation the more neutral “exalted” (a shorter form of “having been exalted”) was used to preserve the ambiguity of the original Greek.

³ sn The expression the right hand of God represents supreme power and authority. Its use here sets up the quotation of Ps 110:1 in v. 34.

⁴ tn The aorist participle λαβών (labwn) could be taken temporally: “So then, after he was exalted…and received from the Father the promised Holy Spirit.” In the translation the more neutral “having received” was used to preserve the ambiguity of the original Greek.

⁵ tn Here the genitive τοῦ πνεύματος (tou pneumato") is a genitive of apposition; the promise consists of the Holy Spirit.

⁶ sn The use of the verb poured out looks back to 2:17-18, where the same verb occurs twice.

⁷ sn Sit at my right hand. The word “sit” alludes back to the promise of “seating one on his throne” in v. 30.

⁸ sn The metaphor make your enemies a footstool portrays the complete subjugation of the enemies.

⁹ sn A quotation from Ps 110:1, one of the most often-cited OT passages in the NT, pointing to the exaltation of Jesus.

¹⁰ tn Or “know for certain.” This term is in an emphatic position in the clause.

¹¹ tn Grk “has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified.” The clause has been simplified in the translation by replacing the pronoun “him” with the explanatory clause “this Jesus whom you crucified” which comes at the end of the sentence.

¹² sn Lord. This looks back to the quotation of Ps 110:1 and the mention of “calling on the Lord” in 2:21. Peter’s point is that the Lord on whom one calls for salvation is Jesus, because he is the one mediating God’s blessing of the Spirit as a sign of the presence of salvation and the last days.

¹³ tn Or “and Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

¹⁴ tn Or “denied,” “disowned.”

¹⁵ tn Or “You put to death.”

¹⁶ tn Or “Founder,” “founding Leader.”

¹⁷ sn Whom God raised. God is the main actor here, as he testifies to Jesus and vindicates him.

¹⁸ tn Grk “whom God raised from the dead, of which we are witnesses.” The two consecutive relative clauses make for awkward English style, so the second was begun as a new sentence with the words “to this fact” supplied in place of the Greek relative pronoun to make a complete sentence in English.

¹⁹ tn Grk “This one God exalted” (emphatic).

²⁰ tn Or “Founder” (of a movement).

²¹ tn Or “to give repentance and forgiveness of sins to Israel.”

²² tn Or “things.” They are preaching these things even to the hostile leadership.

²³ sn Those who obey. The implication, of course, is that the leadership is disobeying God.

²⁴ tn Or “immeasurable, surpassing”

²⁵ tn Or “for, to”

²⁶ tn Grk “according to.”

²⁷ tn Grk “according to the exercise of the might of his strength.”

²⁸ tn Grk “which” (v. 20 is a subordinate clause to v. 19).

²⁹ tn The verb “exercised” (the aorist of ἐνεργέω, energew) has its nominal cognate in “exercise” in v. 19 (ἐνέργεια, energeia).

³⁰ tn Or “This power he exercised in Christ by raising him”; Grk “raising him.” The adverbial participle ἐγείρας (egeiras) could be understood as temporal (“when he raised [him]”), which would be contemporaneous to the action of the finite verb “he exercised” earlier in the verse, or as means (“by raising [him]”). The participle has been translated here with the temporal nuance to allow for means to also be a possible interpretation. If the translation focused instead upon means, the temporal nuance would be lost as the time frame for the action of the participle would become indistinct.

³¹ tc The majority of mss, especially the Western and Byzantine mss (D F G Ψ Ï b r Ambst), have the indicative ἐκάθισεν (ekaqisen, “he seated”) for καθίσας (kaqisa", “when he seated, by seating”). The indicative is thus coordinate with ἐνήργησεν (enhrghsen, “he exercised”) and provides an additional statement to “he exercised his power.” The participle (found in Ì^92vid א A B 0278 33 81 1175 1505 1739 1881 2464 al), on the other hand, is coordinate with ἐγείρας (egeiras) and as such provides evidence of God’s power: He exercised his power by raising Christ from the dead and by seating him at his right hand. As intriguing as the indicative reading is, it is most likely an intentional alteration of the original wording, accomplished by an early “Western” scribe, which made its way in the Byzantine text.

³² sn Eph 1:19-20. The point made in these verses is that the power required to live a life pleasing to God is the same power that raised Christ from the dead. For a similar thought, cf. John 15:1-11.

³³ tn Grk “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³⁴ tn Grk “subjected.”

³⁵ tn Grk “his”; the referent (Christ) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³⁶ sn An allusion to Ps 8:6.

³⁷ tn Grk “and he gave him as head over all things to the church.”