‘The Lord said to my lord, 13
“Sit at my right hand,
until I put your enemies under your feet.”’ 14
24:44 Then 15 he said to them, “These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me 16 in the law of Moses and the prophets and the psalms 17 must be fulfilled.”
3:7 Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says, 18
“Oh, that today you would listen as he speaks! 19
1:1 After God spoke long ago 26 in various portions 27 and in various ways 28 to our ancestors 29 through the prophets,
1 tn Grk “Men brothers.” In light of the compound phrase ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί (andre" adelfoi, “Men brothers”) Peter’s words are best understood as directly addressed to the males present, possibly referring specifically to the twelve (really ten at this point – eleven minus the speaker, Peter) mentioned by name in v. 13.
2 tn Grk “foretold by the mouth of.”
3 tn The words “to heaven” are not in the Greek text, but are supplied from v. 11. Several modern translations (NIV, NRSV) supply the words “to heaven” after “taken up” to specify the destination explicitly mentioned later in 1:11.
4 tn Or “commands.” Although some modern translations render ἐντειλάμενος (enteilameno") as “instructions” (NIV, NRSV), the word implies authority or official sanction (G. Schrenk, TDNT 2:545), so that a word like “orders” conveys the idea more effectively. The action of the temporal participle is antecedent (prior) to the action of the verb it modifies (“taken up”).
5 tn Or “through.”
6 tn Grk “and” (δέ, de); the phrase “at that” has been used in the translation to clarify the cause and effect relationship.
7 tn BDAG 778 s.v. παρίστημι/παριστάνω 2.b.α has “οἱ παρεστῶτες αὐτῷ those standing near him Ac 23:2.”
8 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
9 tn Or “hit” (‘strike’ maintains the wordplay with the following verse). The action was probably designed to indicate a rejection of Paul’s claim to a clear conscience in the previous verse.
10 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
11 sn See the note on crucified in 20:19.
12 tn Grk “by throwing the lot” (probably by using marked pebbles or broken pieces of pottery). A modern equivalent, “throwing dice,” was chosen here because of its association with gambling. According to L&N 6.219 a term for “dice” is particularly appropriate.
13 sn The Lord said to my Lord. With David being the speaker, this indicates his respect for his descendant (referred to as my Lord). Jesus was arguing, as the ancient exposition assumed, that the passage is about the Lord’s anointed. The passage looks at an enthronement of this figure and a declaration of honor for him as he takes his place at the side of God. In Jerusalem, the king’s palace was located to the right of the temple to indicate this kind of relationship. Jesus was pressing the language here to get his opponents to reflect on how great Messiah is.
14 sn A quotation from Ps 110:1.
15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
16 sn Everything written about me. The divine plan, events, and scripture itself are seen here as being one.
17 sn For a similar threefold division of the OT scriptures, see the prologue to Sirach, lines 8-10, and from Qumran, the epilogue to 4QMMT, line 10.
18 sn The following quotation is from Ps 95:7b-11.
19 tn Grk “today if you hear his voice.”
20 tn Grk “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
21 sn Ps 95 does not mention David either in the text or the superscription. It is possible that the writer of Hebrews is attributing the entire collection of psalms to David (although some psalms are specifically attributed to other individuals or groups).
22 tn Grk “as it has been said before” (see Heb 3:7).
23 tn Grk “today if you hear his voice.”
24 tn Or “they were not united.”
25 tc A few
26 tn Or “spoke formerly.”
27 tn Or “parts.” The idea is that God’s previous revelation came in many parts and was therefore fragmentary or partial (L&N 63.19), in comparison with the final and complete revelation contained in God’s Son. However, some interpret πολυμερῶς (polumerw") in Heb 1:1 to mean “on many different occasions” and would thus translate “many times” (L&N 67.11). This is the option followed by the NIV: “at many times and in various ways.” Finally, this word is also understood to refer to the different manners in which something may be done, and would then be translated “in many different ways” (L&N 89.81). In this last case, the two words πολυμερῶς and πολυτρόπως (polutropw") mutually reinforce one another (“in many and various ways,” NRSV).
28 tn These two phrases are emphasized in Greek by being placed at the beginning of the sentence and by alliteration.
29 tn Grk “to the fathers.”