Acts 1:16

1:16 “Brothers, ¹  the scripture had to be fulfilled that the Holy Spirit foretold through ²  David concerning Judas – who became the guide for those who arrested Jesus –

Acts 3:18

3:18 But the things God foretold ³  long ago through ⁴  all the prophets – that his Christ ⁵  would suffer – he has fulfilled in this way.

Acts 4:25

4:25 who said by the Holy Spirit through ⁶  your servant David our forefather, ⁷ 

‘Why do the nations ⁸  rage, ⁹ 

and the peoples plot foolish ¹⁰  things?

Exodus 4:12

4:12 So now go, and I will be with your mouth ¹¹  and will teach you ¹²  what you must say.” ¹³ 

Jeremiah 1:9

1:9 Then the Lord reached out his hand and touched my mouth and said to me, “I will most assuredly give you the words you are to speak for me. ¹⁴ 

Romans 10:17-18

10:17 Consequently faith comes from what is heard, and what is heard comes through the preached word ¹⁵  of Christ. ¹⁶ 

10:18 But I ask, have they ¹⁷  not heard? ¹⁸  Yes, they have: ¹⁹  Their voice has gone out to all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world. ²⁰ 

¹ tn Grk “Men brothers.” In light of the compound phrase ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί (andre" adelfoi, “Men brothers”) Peter’s words are best understood as directly addressed to the males present, possibly referring specifically to the twelve (really ten at this point – eleven minus the speaker, Peter) mentioned by name in v. 13.

² tn Grk “foretold by the mouth of.”

³ sn God foretold. Peter’s topic is the working out of God’s plan and promise through events the scriptures also note.

⁴ tn Grk “by the mouth of” (an idiom).

⁵ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

⁶ tn Grk “by the mouth of” (an idiom).

⁷ tn Or “ancestor”; Grk “father.”

⁸ tn Or “Gentiles.”

⁹ sn The Greek word translated rage includes not only anger but opposition, both verbal and nonverbal. See L&N 88.185.

¹⁰ tn Or “futile”; traditionally, “vain.”

¹¹ sn The promise of divine presence always indicates intervention (for blessing or cursing). Here it means that God would be working through the organs of speech to help Moses speak. See Deut 18:18; Jer 1:9.

¹² sn The verb is וְהוֹרֵיתִיךָ (vÿhoretikha), the Hiphil perfect with a vav (ו) consecutive. The form carries the instructional meaning because it follows the imperative “go.” In fact, there is a sequence at work here: “go…and/that I may teach you.” It is from יָרָה (yara), the same root behind תּוֹרָה (torah, “law”). This always referred to teaching either wisdom or revelation. Here Yahweh promises to teach Moses what to say.

¹³ tn The form is the imperfect tense. While it could be taken as a future (“what you will say”), an obligatory imperfect captures the significance better (“what you must say” or “what you are to say”). Not even the content of the message will be left up to Moses.

¹⁴ tn Heb “Behold, I have put my words in your mouth.” This is an example of the Hebrew “scheduling” perfect or the “prophetic” perfect where a future event is viewed as so certain it is spoken of as past. The Hebrew particle rendered here “assuredly” (Heb הִנֵּה, hinneh) underlines the certitude of the promise for the future. See the translator’s note on v. 6.

¹⁵ tn The Greek term here is ῥῆμα (rJhma), which often (but not exclusively) focuses on the spoken word.

¹⁶ tc Most mss (א¹ A D¹ Ψ 33 1881 Ï sy) have θεοῦ (qeou) here rather than Χριστοῦ (Cristou; found in Ì^46vid א* B C D* 6 81 629 1506 1739 pc lat co). External evidence strongly favors the reading “Christ” here. Internal evidence is also on its side, for the expression ῥῆμα Χριστοῦ (rJhma Cristou) occurs nowhere else in the NT; thus scribes would be prone to change it to a known expression.

¹⁷ tn That is, Israel (see the following verse).

¹⁸ tn Grk “they have not ‘not heard,’ have they?” This question is difficult to render in English. The basic question is a negative sentence (“Have they not heard?”), but it is preceded by the particle μή (mh) which expects a negative response. The end result in English is a double negative (“They have not ‘not heard,’ have they?”). This has been changed to a positive question in the translation for clarity. See BDAG 646 s.v. μή 3.a.; D. Moo, Romans (NICNT), 666, fn. 32; and C. E. B. Cranfield, Romans (ICC), 537, for discussion.

¹⁹ tn Here the particle μενοῦνγε (menounge) is correcting the negative response expected by the particle μή (mh) in the preceding question. Since the question has been translated positively, the translation was changed here to reflect that rendering.

²⁰ sn A quotation from Ps 19:4.