1:1 From Paul, 11 an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy our brother,
1 tn Grk “And for.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
2 tn For this verb, see BDAG 1017 s.v. τροποφορέω (cf. also Deut 1:31; Exod 16:35; Num 14:34).
3 tn Or “desert.”
4 tn Grk “And answering, he said to them.” The participle ἀποκριθείς (apokriqeis) is redundant, but the phrasing of the sentence was modified slightly to make it clearer in English.
5 tn Grk “O.” The marker of direct address, ὦ (w), is functionally equivalent to a vocative and is represented in the translation by “you.”
6 tn Or “faithless.”
7 tn Grk “how long.”
8 tn Or “put up with.” See Num 11:12; Isa 46:4.
9 sn The pronouns you…you are plural, indicating that Jesus is speaking to a group rather than an individual.
10 tn Grk “the authority,” referring to the authority just described.
11 tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.
12 tn The adverbial participle ἀκούσαντες (akousante") is understood to be temporal and translated with “since.” A causal idea may also be in the apostle’s mind, but the context emphasizes temporal ideas, e.g., “from the day” (v. 6).