Acts 2:4

2:4 All ¹  of them were filled with the Holy Spirit, and they began to speak in other languages ²  as the Spirit enabled them. ³ 

Acts 4:8

4:8 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, ⁴  replied, ⁵  “Rulers of the people and elders, ⁶ 

Acts 4:31

4:31 When ⁷  they had prayed, the place where they were assembled together was shaken, ⁸  and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak ⁹  the word of God ¹⁰  courageously. ¹¹ 

Acts 7:55

7:55 But Stephen, ¹²  full ¹³  of the Holy Spirit, looked intently ¹⁴  toward heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing ¹⁵  at the right hand of God.

Micah 3:8

3:8 But I ¹⁶  am full of the courage that the Lord’s Spirit gives,

and have a strong commitment to justice. ¹⁷ 

This enables me to confront Jacob with its rebellion,

and Israel with its sin. ¹⁸ 

¹ tn Grk “And all.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

² tn The Greek term is γλώσσαις (glwssai"), the same word used for the tongues of fire.

³ tn Grk “just as the spirit gave them to utter.” The verb ἀποφθέγγομαι (apofqengomai) was used of special utterances in Classical Greek (BDAG 125 s.v.).

⁴ sn Filled with the Holy Spirit. The narrator’s remark about the Holy Spirit indicates that Peter speaks as directed by God and for God. This fulfills Luke 12:11-12 (1 Pet 3:15).

⁵ tn Grk “Spirit, said to them.”

⁶ tc The Western and Byzantine texts, as well as one or two Alexandrian witnesses, read τοῦ ᾿Ισραήλ (tou Israhl, “of Israel”) after πρεσβύτεροι (presbuteroi, “elders”; so D E Ψ 33 1739 Ï it), while most of the better witnesses, chiefly Alexandrian (Ì⁷⁴ א A B 0165 1175 vg sa bo), lack this modifier. The longer reading was most likely added by scribes to give literary balance to the addressees in that “Rulers” already had an adjunct while “elders” was left absolute.

⁷ tn Grk “And when.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

⁸ sn The place where they were assembled…was shaken. This signifies that God is in their midst. See Acts 16:26; Exod 19:18; Ps 114:7; Isa 6:4.

⁹ tn The imperfect verb has been translated as an ingressive imperfect (“began to speak”). Logical sequencing suggests that their speaking began after they were filled with the Spirit. The prayer was answered immediately.

¹⁰ tn Or “speak God’s message.”

¹¹ tn Or “with boldness.”

¹² tn Grk “he”; the referent (Stephen) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹³ tn Grk “being full,” but the participle ὑπάρχων (Juparcwn) has not been translated since it would be redundant in English.

¹⁴ tn Grk “looking intently toward heaven, saw.” The participle ἀτενίσας (atenisa") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

¹⁵ sn The picture of Jesus standing (rather than seated) probably indicates his rising to receive his child. By announcing his vision, Stephen thoroughly offended his audience, who believed no one could share God’s place in heaven. The phrase is a variation on Ps 110:1.

¹⁶ sn The prophet Micah speaks here and contrasts himself with the mercenaries just denounced by the Lord in the preceding verses.

¹⁷ tn Heb “am full of power, the Spirit of the Lord, and justice and strength.” The appositional phrase “the Spirit of the Lord” explains the source of the prophet’s power. The phrase “justice and strength” is understood here as a hendiadys, referring to the prophet’s strong sense of justice.

¹⁸ tn Heb “to declare to Jacob his rebellion and to Israel his sin.” The words “this enables me” are supplied in the translation for clarification.