27:9 Since considerable time had passed and the voyage was now dangerous 4 because the fast 5 was already over, 6 Paul advised them, 7 27:10 “Men, I can see the voyage is going to end 8 in disaster 9 and great loss not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives.” 10 27:11 But the centurion 11 was more convinced 12 by the captain 13 and the ship’s owner than by what Paul said. 14 27:12 Because the harbor was not suitable to spend the winter in, the majority decided 15 to put out to sea 16 from there. They hoped that 17 somehow they could reach 18 Phoenix, 19 a harbor of Crete facing 20 southwest and northwest, and spend the winter there. 27:13 When a gentle south wind sprang up, they thought 21 they could carry out 22 their purpose, so they weighed anchor 23 and sailed close along the coast 24 of Crete. 27:14 Not long after this, a hurricane-force 25 wind called the northeaster 26 blew down from the island. 27 27:15 When the ship was caught in it 28 and could not head into 29 the wind, we gave way to it and were driven 30 along.
1 tn Grk “sailing along the coast…we came.” The participle παραλεγόμενοι (paralegomenoi) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. L&N 54.8, “παραλέγομαι: (a technical, nautical term) to sail along beside some object – ‘to sail along the coast, to sail along the shore.’ …‘they sailed along the coast of Crete’ Ac 27:13.”
2 tn Grk “it”; the referent (Crete) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
3 sn Lasea was a city on the southern coast of the island of Crete. This was about 60 mi (96 km) farther.
4 tn Or “unsafe” (BDAG 383 s.v. ἐπισφαλής). The term is a NT hapax legomenon.
5 sn The fast refers to the Jewish Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur. It was now into October and the dangerous winter winds would soon occur (Suetonius, Life of Claudius 18; Josephus, J. W. 1.14.2-3 [1.279-281]).
6 tn The accusative articular infinitive παρεληλυθέναι (parelhluqenai) after the preposition διά (dia) is causal. BDAG 776 s.v. παρέρχομαι 2 has “διὰ τὸ τὴν νηστείαν ἤδη παρεληλυθέναι because the fast was already over Ac 27:9.”
7 tn Grk “Paul advised, saying to them.” The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant in English and has not been translated. On the term translated “advised,” see BDAG 764 s.v. παραινέω, which usually refers to recommendations.
7 tn Grk “is going to be with disaster.”
8 tn Or “hardship,” “damage.” BDAG 1022 s.v. ὕβρις 3 states, “fig. hardship, disaster, damage caused by the elements…w. ζημία Ac 27:10.”
9 tn Grk “souls” (here, one’s physical life).
10 sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.
11 tn Or “persuaded.”
12 tn BDAG 456 s.v. κυβερνήτης 1 has “one who is responsible for the management of a ship, shipmaster…W. ναύκληρος, the ‘shipowner’…Ac 27:11” See further L. Casson, Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World, 316-18.
13 tn Grk “than by what was said by Paul.” The passive construction has been converted to an active one to simplify the translation.
13 tn BDAG 181-82 s.v. βουλή 2.a, “β. τίθεσθαι (Judg 19:30; Ps 12:3) decide 27:12 (w. inf. foll.).”
14 tn BDAG 62 s.v. ἀνάγω 4, “as a nautical t.t. (ἀ. τὴν ναῦν put a ship to sea), mid. or pass. ἀνάγεσθαι to begin to go by boat, put out to sea.”
15 tn Grk “from there, if somehow” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was begun here in the translation and the introductory phrase “They hoped that” supplied (with the subject, “they,” repeated from the previous clause) to make a complete English sentence.
16 tn Grk “if somehow, reaching Phoenix, they could…” The participle καταντήσαντες (katanthsante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
17 sn Phoenix was a seaport on the southern coast of the island of Crete. This was about 30 mi (48 km) further west.
18 tn Or “a harbor of Crete open to the southwest and northwest.”
16 tn Grk “thinking.” The participle δόξαντες (doxante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
17 tn Or “accomplish.” L&N 68.29, for κρατέω, has “to be able to complete or finish, presumably despite difficulties – ‘to accomplish, to do successfully, to carry out.’ …‘thinking that they could carry out their purpose’ Ac 27:13.”
18 tn Or “departed.”
19 tn L&N 54.8, “παραλέγομαι: (a technical, nautical term) to sail along beside some object – ‘to sail along the coast, to sail along the shore.’…‘they sailed along the coast of Crete’ Ac 27:13.” With the addition of the adverb ἆσσον (asson) this becomes “sailed close along the coast of Crete.”
19 tn Grk “a wind like a typhoon.” That is, a very violent wind like a typhoon or hurricane (BDAG 1021 s.v. τυφωνικός).
20 sn Or called Euraquilo (the actual name of the wind, a sailor’s term which was a combination of Greek and Latin). According to Strabo (Geography 1.2.21), this was a violent northern wind.
21 tn Grk “from it”; the referent (the island) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
22 tn Or “was forced off course.” Grk “The ship being caught in it.” The genitive absolute construction with the participle συναρπασθέντος (sunarpasqento") has been taken temporally; it could also be translated as causal (“Because the ship was caught in it”).
23 tn BDAG 91 s.v. ἀντοφθαλμέω states, “Metaph. of a ship τοῦ πλοίου μὴ δυναμένοι ἀ. τῷ ἀνέμῳ since the ship was not able to face the wind, i.e. with its bow headed against the forces of the waves Ac 27:15.”
24 sn Caught in the violent wind, the ship was driven along. They were now out of control, at the mercy of the wind and sea.