5:12 Now many miraculous signs 5 and wonders came about among the people through the hands of the apostles. By 6 common consent 7 they were all meeting together in Solomon’s Portico. 8 5:13 None of the rest dared to join them, 9 but the people held them in high honor. 10 5:14 More and more believers in the Lord were added to their number, 11 crowds of both men and women. 5:15 Thus 12 they even carried the sick out into the streets, and put them on cots and pallets, so that when Peter came by at least his shadow would fall on some of them. 5:16 A crowd of people from the towns around Jerusalem 13 also came together, bringing the sick and those troubled by unclean spirits. 14 They 15 were all 16 being healed.
5:17 Now the high priest rose up, and all those with him (that is, the religious party of the Sadducees 17 ), 18 and they were filled with jealousy. 19 5:18 They 20 laid hands on 21 the apostles and put them in a public jail. 5:19 But during the night an angel of the Lord 22 opened 23 the doors of the prison, 24 led them out, 25 and said, 5:20 “Go and stand in the temple courts 26 and proclaim 27 to the people all the words of this life.” 5:21 When they heard this, they entered the temple courts 28 at daybreak and began teaching. 29
Now when the high priest and those who were with him arrived, they summoned the Sanhedrin 30 – that is, the whole high council 31 of the Israelites 32 – and sent to the jail to have the apostles 33 brought before them. 34 5:22 But the officers 35 who came for them 36 did not find them in the prison, so they returned and reported, 37 5:23 “We found the jail locked securely and the guards standing at the doors, but when we opened them, 38 we found no one inside.” 5:24 Now when the commander 39 of the temple guard 40 and the chief priests heard this report, 41 they were greatly puzzled concerning it, 42 wondering what this could 43 be. 5:25 But someone came and reported to them, “Look! The men you put in prison are standing in the temple courts 44 and teaching 45 the people!” 5:26 Then the commander 46 of the temple guard 47 went with the officers 48 and brought the apostles 49 without the use of force 50 (for they were afraid of being stoned by the people). 51
5:27 When they had brought them, they stood them before the council, 52 and the high priest questioned 53 them, 5:28 saying, “We gave 54 you strict orders 55 not to teach in this name. 56 Look, 57 you have filled Jerusalem 58 with your teaching, and you intend to bring this man’s blood 59 on us!” 5:29 But Peter and the apostles replied, 60 “We must obey 61 God rather than people. 62 5:30 The God of our forefathers 63 raised up Jesus, whom you seized and killed by hanging him on a tree. 64 5:31 God exalted him 65 to his right hand as Leader 66 and Savior, to give repentance to Israel and forgiveness of sins. 67 5:32 And we are witnesses of these events, 68 and so is the Holy Spirit whom God has given to those who obey 69 him.”
5:33 Now when they heard this, they became furious 70 and wanted to execute them. 71 5:34 But a Pharisee 72 whose name was Gamaliel, 73 a teacher of the law who was respected by all the people, stood up 74 in the council 75 and ordered the men to be put outside for a short time. 5:35 Then he said to the council, 76 “Men of Israel, 77 pay close attention to 78 what you are about to do to these men. 5:36 For some time ago 79 Theudas rose up, claiming to be somebody, and about four hundred men joined him. He 80 was killed, and all who followed him were dispersed and nothing came of it. 81 5:37 After him Judas the Galilean arose in the days of the census, 82 and incited people to follow him in revolt. 83 He too was killed, and all who followed him were scattered. 5:38 So in this case I say to you, stay away from these men and leave them alone, because if this plan or this undertaking originates with people, 84 it will come to nothing, 85 5:39 but if 86 it is from God, you will not be able to stop them, or you may even be found 87 fighting against God.” He convinced them, 88 5:40 and they summoned the apostles and had them beaten. 89 Then 90 they ordered them not to speak in the name of Jesus and released them. 5:41 So they left the council rejoicing because they had been considered worthy 91 to suffer dishonor for the sake of the name. 92 5:42 And every day both in the temple courts 93 and from house to house, they did not stop teaching and proclaiming the good news 94 that Jesus was the Christ. 95
1 tn Grk “And at once.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
2 tn Grk “And great.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
3 tn Or “fear came on,” “fear seized”; Grk “fear happened to.”
4 sn This is the first occurrence of the term church (ἐκκλησία, ekklhsia) in Acts. It refers to an assembly of people.
5 tn The miraculous nature of these signs is implied in the context.
6 tn Grk “And by.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
7 tn Or “With one mind.”
8 tn Or “colonnade”; Grk “stoa.”
9 tn Or “to associate with them.” The group was beginning to have a controversial separate identity. People were cautious about joining them. The next verse suggests that the phrase “none of the rest” in this verse is rhetorical hyperbole.
10 tn Or “the people thought very highly of them.”
11 tn Or “More and more believers were added to the Lord.”
12 tn This is a continuation of the preceding sentence in Greek, but because this would produce an awkward sentence in English, a new sentence was begun here in the translation.
13 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
14 sn Unclean spirits refers to evil spirits.
15 tn Literally a relative pronoun, “who.” In English, however, a relative clause (“bringing the sick and those troubled by unclean spirits, who were all being healed”) could be understood to refer only to the second group (meaning only those troubled by unclean spirits were being healed) or even that the unclean spirits were being healed. To avoid this ambiguity the pronoun “they” was used to begin a new English sentence.
16 sn They were all being healed. Note how the healings that the apostles provided were comprehensive in their consistency.
17 sn See the note on Sadducees in 4:1.
18 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
19 sn Filled with jealousy. In Acts, the term “jealousy” (ζήλος, zhlos) occurs only here and in Acts 13:45. It is a key term in Judaism for religiously motivated rage (1 Macc 2:24; 1QH 14:13-15; m. Sanhedrin 9:5). It was a zeal motivated by a desire to maintain the purity of the faith.
20 tn Grk “jealousy, and they.” In the Greek text this is a continuation of the previous sentence, but a new sentence has been started here in the translation for stylistic reasons.
21 tn Or “they arrested.”
22 tn Or “the angel of the Lord.” Linguistically, “angel of the Lord” is the same in both testaments (and thus, he is either “an angel of the Lord” or “the angel of the Lord” in both testaments). For arguments and implications, see ExSyn 252; M. J. Davidson, “Angels,” DJG, 9; W. G. MacDonald argues for “an angel” in both testaments: “Christology and ‘The Angel of the Lord’,” Current Issues in Biblical and Patristic Interpretation, 324-35.
23 tn Grk “opening the doors of the prison.” The participle ἀνοίξας (anoixa") has been translated as a finite verb due to the requirements of contemporary English style.
24 tn Greek φυλακῆς (fulakh"), a different word from the one in v. 18 (τήρησις, thrhsi", “jail”).
25 tn Or “brought them out.” Grk “and leading them out, said.” The participle ἐξαγαγών (exagagwn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
26 tn Grk “the temple.” This is actually a reference to the courts surrounding the temple proper, and has been translated accordingly.
27 tn Or “speak.”
28 tn Grk “the temple.” See the note on the same phrase in the preceding verse.
29 tn The imperfect verb ἐδίδασκον (edidaskon) has been translated as an ingressive imperfect.
30 tn Or “the council” (the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).
31 tn A hendiadys (two different terms referring to a single thing) is likely here (a reference to a single legislative body rather than two separate ones) because the term γερουσίαν (gerousian) is used in both 1 Macc 12:6 and Josephus, Ant. 13.5.8 (13.166) to refer to the Sanhedrin.
32 tn Grk “sons of Israel.”
33 tn Grk “have them”; the referent (the apostles) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
34 tn The words “before them” are not in the Greek text but are implied.
35 tn The Greek term ὑπηρέτης (Juphreth") generally means “servant,” but in the NT is used for many different types of servants, like attendants to a king, the officers of the Sanhedrin (as here), assistants to magistrates, and (especially in the Gospel of John) Jewish guards in the Jerusalem temple (see L&N 35.20).
36 tn The words “for them” are not in the Greek text but are implied.
37 tn Grk “reported, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in English and has not been translated.
38 tn The word “them” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects in Greek were often omitted when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.
39 tn Or “captain.”
40 tn Grk “the official of the temple,” a title for the commander of the Jewish soldiers guarding the temple (thus the translation, “the commander of the temple guard”). See L&N 37.91.
41 tn Grk “heard these words.”
42 tn Grk “concerning them,” agreeing with the plural antecedent “these words.” Since the phrase “these words” was translated as the singular “this report,” the singular “concerning it” is used here.
43 tn The optative verb here expresses confused uncertainty.
44 tn Grk “the temple.” This is actually a reference to the courts surrounding the temple proper, and has been translated accordingly.
45 sn Obeying God (see v. 29), the apostles were teaching again (4:18-20; 5:20). They did so despite the risk.
46 tn Or “captain.”
47 tn Grk “the official [of the temple],” a title for the commander of the Jewish soldiers guarding the temple (thus the translation, “the commander of the temple guard”). See L&N 37.91.
48 tn The Greek term ὑπηρέτης (Juphreth") generally means “servant,” but in the NT is used for many different types of servants. See the note on the word “officers” in v. 22.
49 tn Grk “brought them”; the referent (the apostles) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
50 tn Or “without violence.” It is clear, as well, that the apostles did not resist arrest.
51 tn Grk “for they feared lest they be stoned by the people.” The translation uses a less awkward English equivalent. This is an explanatory note by the author.
52 tn Or “the Sanhedrin” (the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).
53 tn Or “interrogated,” “asked.”
54 tc ‡ The majority of
55 tn Grk “We commanded you with a commandment” (a Semitic idiom that is emphatic).
56 sn The name (i.e., person) of Jesus is the constant issue of debate.
57 tn Grk “And behold.” Because of the length of the Greek sentence and the tendency of contemporary English style to use shorter sentences, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
58 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
59 sn To bring this man’s blood on us is an idiom meaning “you intend to make us guilty of this man’s death.”
60 tn Grk “apostles answered and said.”
61 sn Obey. See 4:19. This response has Jewish roots (Dan 3:16-18; 2 Macc 7:2; Josephus, Ant. 17.6.3 [17.159].
62 tn Here ἀνθρώποις (anqrwpoi") has been translated as a generic noun (“people”).
63 tn Or “ancestors”; Grk “fathers.”
64 tn Or “by crucifying him” (“hang on a tree” is by the time of the first century an idiom for crucifixion). The allusion is to the judgment against Jesus as a rebellious figure, appealing to the language of Deut 21:23. The Jewish leadership has badly “misjudged” Jesus.
65 tn Grk “This one God exalted” (emphatic).
66 tn Or “Founder” (of a movement).
67 tn Or “to give repentance and forgiveness of sins to Israel.”
68 tn Or “things.” They are preaching these things even to the hostile leadership.
69 sn Those who obey. The implication, of course, is that the leadership is disobeying God.
70 sn The only other use of this verb for anger (furious) is Acts 7:54 after Stephen’s speech.
71 sn Wanted to execute them. The charge would surely be capital insubordination (Exod 22:28).
72 sn A Pharisee was a member of one of the most important and influential religious and political parties of Judaism in the time of Jesus. There were more Pharisees than Sadducees (according to Josephus, Ant. 17.2.4 [17.42] there were more than 6,000 Pharisees at about this time). Pharisees differed with Sadducees on certain doctrines and patterns of behavior. The Pharisees were strict and zealous adherents to the laws of the OT and to numerous additional traditions such as angels and bodily resurrection.
73 sn Gamaliel was a famous Jewish scholar and teacher mentioned here in v. 34 and in Acts 22:3. He had a grandson of the same name and is referred to as “Gamaliel the Elder” to avoid confusion. He is quoted a number of times in the Mishnah, was given the highest possible title for Jewish teachers, Rabba (cf. John 20:16), and was highly regarded in later rabbinic tradition.
74 tn Grk “standing up in the council, ordered.” The participle ἀναστάς (anasta") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
75 tn Or “the Sanhedrin” (the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).
76 tn Grk “said to them”; the referent (the council) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
77 tn Or “Israelite men,” although this is less natural English. The Greek term here is ἀνήρ (anhr), which only exceptionally is used in a generic sense of both males and females. In this context, it is highly unlikely that this is a generic usage, since Gamaliel was addressing the Sanhedrin, the Jewish high council, which would have been exclusively male.
78 tn Or “men, be careful.”
79 tn Grk “For before these days.”
80 tn Grk “who.” The relative pronoun was replaced by the pronoun “he,” and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point.
81 tn Grk “and they came to nothing.” Gamaliel’s argument is that these two insurrectionists were taken care of by natural events.
82 tn Or “registration.”
83 tn The verb ἀφίστημι (afisthmi) as a transitive means “cause to revolt” as used in Josephus, Ant. 8.7.5 (8.198), 20.5.2 (20.102); see BDAG 157 s.v. 1.
84 tn Here ἀνθρώπων (anqrwpwn) has been translated as a generic noun (“people”).
85 tn Or “it will be put to an end.”
86 tn This is expressed in a first class condition, in contrast to the condition in v. 38b, which is third class. As such, v. 39 is rhetorically presented as the more likely option.
87 tn According to L&N 39.32, the verb εὑρεθῆτε (Jeureqhte, an aorist passive subjunctive) may also be translated “find yourselves” – “lest you find yourselves fighting against God.” The Jewish leader Gamaliel is shown contemplating the other possible alternative about what is occurring.
88 tn Grk “They were convinced by him.” This passive construction was converted to an active one (“He convinced them”) in keeping with contemporary English style. The phrase “He convinced them” is traditionally placed in Acts 5:40 by most English translations; the standard Greek critical text (represented by NA27 and UBS4) places it at the end of v. 39.
89 sn Had them beaten. The punishment was the “forty lashes minus one,” see also Acts 22:19; 2 Cor 11:24; Mark 13:9. The apostles had disobeyed the religious authorities and took their punishment for their “disobedience” (Deut 25:2-3; m. Makkot 3:10-14). In Acts 4:18 they were warned. Now they are beaten. The hostility is rising as the narrative unfolds.
90 tn The word “Then” is supplied as the beginning of a new sentence in the translation. The construction in Greek has so many clauses (most of them made up of participles) that a continuous English sentence would be very awkward.
91 sn That is, considered worthy by God. They “gloried in their shame” of honoring Jesus with their testimony (Luke 6:22-23; 2 Macc 6:30).
92 sn The name refers to the name of Jesus (cf. 3 John 7).
93 tn Grk “temple.” This is actually a reference to the courts surrounding the temple proper and has been translated accordingly.
94 tn Grk “teaching and evangelizing.” They were still obeying God, not men (see 4:18-20; 5:29).
95 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”