From the apostles 3 and elders, your brothers, 4 to the Gentile brothers and sisters 5 in Antioch, 6 Syria, 7 and Cilicia, greetings!
23:1 Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples,
1 sn Caesarea was a city on the coast of Palestine, south of Mount Carmel (not Caesarea Philippi). See the note on Caesarea in Acts 10:1.
2 tn Grk “writing by their hand” (an idiom for sending a letter).
3 tn Grk “The apostles.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.
4 tn Grk “brothers,” but “your” is supplied to specify the relationship, since without it “brothers” could be understood as vocative in English.
5 tn Grk “to the brothers who are from the Gentiles.”
6 sn Antioch was a city in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia).
7 tn Grk “and Syria,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
8 tc ‡ The earliest
9 tn The imperfect verb has been translated conatively.
10 tn Grk “but Jesus, answering, said.” This construction with passive participle and finite verb is pleonastic (redundant) and has been simplified in the translation to “replied to him.”
11 tn Grk “Permit now.”
12 tn Grk “he”; the referent (John the Baptist) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
13 tn Or “permitted him.”
14 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
15 tn Grk “behold the heavens.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).
16 tn Or “sky.” The Greek word οὐρανός (ourano") may be translated “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context. The same word is used in v. 17.
17 tc ‡ αὐτῷ (autw, “to/before him”) is found in the majority of witnesses (א1 C Ds L W 0233 Ë1,13 33 Ï lat), perhaps added as a point of clarification or emphasis. NA27 includes the word in brackets, indicating doubts as to its authenticity.
18 sn The phrase like a dove is a descriptive comparison. The Spirit is not a dove, but descended like one in some sort of bodily representation.