1 tn Grk “and he.” Because of the length of the Greek sentence, the conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated here. Instead a new English sentence is begun.
2 tn The double vocative suggests emotion.
3 sn Persecuting me. To persecute the church is to persecute Jesus.
4 tn Grk “in the Hebrew language.” See Acts 22:7 and 9:4.
5 tn Grk “It is hard for you.”
6 tn “Goads” are pointed sticks used to direct a draft animal (an idiom for stubborn resistance). See BDAG 539-40 s.v. κέντρον 2.