1 tn The Hebrew word translated “yellow jasper” is תַּרשִׁישׁ (tarshish); it appears to be a semiprecious stone, but its exact identity is somewhat uncertain. It may be the yellow jasper, although this is conjectural. Cf. NAB, NIV “chrysolite”; NASB, NRSV “beryl.”
2 tn Heb “torches of fire.”
3 tn Heb “The sound of his words” (cf. v. 9).
4 sn The sons of Seleucus II Callinicus were Seleucus III Ceraunus (ca. 227-223
5 tn Heb “his”; the referent (the enemy of the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
6 tn Heb “and he will certainly come and overflow and cross over and return and be aroused unto a fortress.” The translation has attempted to simplify the syntax of this difficult sequence.