Daniel 11:10

11:10 His sons ¹  will wage war, mustering a large army which will advance like an overflowing river and carrying the battle all the way to the enemy’s ²  fortress. ³ 

Daniel 11:20

11:20 There will arise after him ⁴  one ⁵  who will send out an exactor ⁶  of tribute to enhance the splendor of the kingdom, but after a few days he will be destroyed, ⁷  though not in anger or battle.

Daniel 11:40

11:40 “At the time of the end the king of the south will attack ⁸  him. Then the king of the north will storm against him ⁹  with chariots, horsemen, and a large armada of ships. ¹⁰  He ¹¹  will invade lands, passing through them like an overflowing river. ¹² 

Daniel 9:11

9:11 “All Israel has broken ¹³  your law and turned away by not obeying you. ¹⁴  Therefore you have poured out on us the judgment solemnly threatened ¹⁵  in the law of Moses the servant of God, for we have sinned against you. ¹⁶ 

¹ sn The sons of Seleucus II Callinicus were Seleucus III Ceraunus (ca. 227-223 B.C.) and Antiochus III the Great (ca. 223-187 B.C.).

² tn Heb “his”; the referent (the enemy of the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Heb “and he will certainly come and overflow and cross over and return and be aroused unto a fortress.” The translation has attempted to simplify the syntax of this difficult sequence.

⁴ tn Heb “on his place.”

⁵ sn The one who will send out an exactor of tribute was Seleucus IV Philopator (ca. 187-176 B.C.).

⁶ sn Perhaps this exactor of tribute was Heliodorus (cf. 2 Maccabees 3).

⁷ tn Heb “broken” or “shattered.”

⁷ tn Heb “engage in thrusting.”

⁸ tn The referent of the pronoun is most likely the king of the south, in which case the text describes the king of the north countering the attack of the king of the south.

⁹ tn Heb “many ships.”

¹⁰ tn This most likely refers to the king of the north who, in response to the aggression of the king of the south, launches an invasion of the southern regions.

¹¹ tn Heb “and will overflow and pass over.”

¹⁰ tn Or “transgressed.” The Hebrew verb has the primary sense of crossing a boundary, in this case, God’s law.

¹¹ tn Heb “by not paying attention to your voice.”

¹² tn Heb “the curse and the oath which is written.” The term “curse” refers here to the judgments threatened in the Mosaic law (see Deut 28) for rebellion. The expression “the curse and the oath” is probably a hendiadys (cf. Num 5:21; Neh 10:29) referring to the fact that the covenant with its threatened judgments was ratified by solemn oath and made legally binding upon the covenant community.

¹³ tn Heb “him.”