1 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
1 sn The sons of Seleucus II Callinicus were Seleucus III Ceraunus (ca. 227-223
2 tn Heb “his”; the referent (the enemy of the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
3 tn Heb “and he will certainly come and overflow and cross over and return and be aroused unto a fortress.” The translation has attempted to simplify the syntax of this difficult sequence.
1 tn Heb “his face.” See v. 19 as well.
2 sn The commander is probably the Roman commander, Lucius Cornelius Scipio.
3 tn The Hebrew here is difficult in that the negative בִּלְתִּי (biltiy, “not”) is used in an unusual way. The sense is not entirely clear.
4 tn Heb “his shameful conduct he will return to him.”