Daniel 11:22

11:22 Armies¹ will be suddenly² swept away in defeat³ before him; both they and a covenant leader⁴ will be destroyed.⁵

Daniel 8:22

8:22 The horn that was broken⁶ and in whose place there arose four others stands for four kingdoms that will arise from his nation, though they will not have his strength.

Daniel 11:26

11:26 Those who share the king’s fine food will attempt to destroy him, and his army will be swept away;⁷ many will be killed in battle.

Daniel 8:8

8:8 The male goat acted even more arrogantly. But no sooner had the large horn become strong than it was broken, and there arose four conspicuous horns⁸ in its place,⁹ extending toward the four winds of the sky.¹⁰

Daniel 8:25

8:25 By his treachery¹¹ he will succeed through deceit.¹² He will have an arrogant attitude,¹³ and he will destroy many who are unaware of his schemes.¹⁴ He will rise up against the Prince of princes, yet he will be broken apart – but not by human agency.¹⁵

Daniel 11:20

11:20 There will arise after him¹⁶ one¹⁷ who will send out an exactor¹⁸ of tribute to enhance the splendor of the kingdom, but after a few days he will be destroyed,¹⁹ though not in anger or battle.

Daniel 8:7

8:7 I saw it approaching the ram. It went into a fit of rage against the ram²⁰ and struck it²¹ and broke off its two horns. The ram had no ability to resist it.²² The goat hurled the ram²³ to the ground and trampled it. No one could deliver the ram from its power.²⁴

Daniel 11:4

11:4 Shortly after his rise to power,²⁵ his kingdom will be broken up and distributed toward the four winds of the sky²⁶ – but not to his posterity or with the authority he exercised, for his kingdom will be uprooted and distributed to others besides these.

¹tn Heb “arms.”

²tc The present translation reads הִשָּׁטֹף (hishatof), Niphal infinitive absolute of שָׁטַף (shataf, “to overflow”), for the MT הַשֶּׁטֶף (hashetef, “flood”).

³tn The words “in defeat” are added in the translation for clarification.

⁴tn Heb “a prince of the covenant.”

⁵tn Heb “broken” or “shattered.”

⁶tn Heb “the broken one.” The word “horn” has been supplied in the translation to clarify the referent.

¹¹tc The present translation reads יִשָׁטֵף (yishatef, passive) rather than the MT יִשְׁטוֹף (yishtof, active).

¹⁶tn The word “horns” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied.

¹⁷sn The four conspicuous horns refer to Alexander’s successors. After his death, Alexander’s empire was divided up among four of his generals: Cassander, who took Macedonia and Greece; Lysimachus, who took Thrace and parts of Asia Minor; Seleucus, who took Syria and territory to its east; and Ptolemy, who took control of Egypt.

¹⁸tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

²¹tn The Hebrew term has a primary meaning of “skill, insight,” but here it has the connotation “cunning, treachery.” See BDB 968 s.v. שֵׂכֶל, שֶׂכֶל.

²²tn Heb “he will cause deceit to succeed by his hand.”

²³tn Heb “in his heart he will act arrogantly.”

²⁴tn Heb “in peace.” The Hebrew word used here is difficult. It may refer to the security felt by those who did not realize the danger of imminent attack, or it may refer to the condition of being unaware of the impending danger. The latter idea is reflected in the present translation. See further, BDB 1017 s.v. שַׁלְוָה.

²⁵tn Heb “with nothingness of hand.”

²⁶tn Heb “on his place.”

²⁷sn The one who will send out an exactor of tribute was Seleucus IV Philopator (ca. 187-176 B.C.).

²⁸sn Perhaps this exactor of tribute was Heliodorus (cf. 2 Maccabees 3).

²⁹tn Heb “broken” or “shattered.”

³¹tn Heb “him.”

³²tn Heb “the ram.”

³³tn Heb “stand before him.”

³⁴tn Heb “he hurled him.” The referents of both pronouns (the male goat and the ram) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

³⁵sn The goat of Daniel’s vision represents Greece; the large horn represents Alexander the Great. The ram stands for Media-Persia. Alexander’s rapid conquest of the Persians involved three battles of major significance which he won against overwhelming odds: Granicus (334 B.C.), Isus (333 B.C.), and Gaugemela (331 B.C.).

³⁶tn Heb “and when he stands.”

³⁷tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.