1 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
2 tn Or “corrupt.”
3 tn Heb “acted wickedly toward.”
4 tn Heb “know.” The term “know” sometimes means “to recognize.” In relational contexts it can have the connotation “recognize the authority of, be loyal to,” as it does here.
5 sn This is an allusion to the Maccabean revolt, which struggled to bring about Jewish independence in the second century