Daniel 2:31

2:31 “You, O king, were watching as a great statue – one ¹  of impressive size and extraordinary brightness – was standing before you. Its appearance caused alarm.

Daniel 2:39

2:39 Now after you another kingdom ²  will arise, one inferior to yours. Then a third kingdom, one of bronze, will rule in all the earth.

Daniel 4:22

4:22 it is you, ³  O king! For you have become great and strong. Your greatness is such that it reaches to heaven, and your authority to the ends of the earth.

Daniel 7:12

7:12 As for the rest of the beasts, their ruling authority had already been removed, though they were permitted to go on living ⁴  for a time and a season.

Daniel 8:10

8:10 It grew so big it reached the army ⁵  of heaven, and it brought about the fall of some of the army and some of the stars ⁶  to the ground, where it trampled them.

Daniel 8:23

8:23 Toward the end of their rule, when rebellious acts ⁷  are complete, a rash ⁸  and deceitful ⁹  king will arise. ¹⁰ 

Daniel 11:41

11:41 Then he will enter the beautiful land. ¹¹  Many ¹²  will fall, but these will escape: ¹³  Edom, Moab, and the Ammonite leadership.

¹ tn Aram “an image.”

² sn The identity of the first kingdom is clearly Babylon. The identification of the following three kingdoms is disputed. The common view is that they represent Media, Persia, and Greece. Most conservative scholars identify them as Media-Persia, Greece, and Rome.

³ sn Much of modern scholarship views this chapter as a distortion of traditions that were originally associated with Nabonidus rather than with Nebuchadnezzar. A Qumran text, the Prayer of Nabonidus, is often cited for parallels to these events.

⁴ tn Aram “a prolonging of life was granted to them.”

⁵ tn Traditionally, “host.” The term refers to God’s heavenly angelic assembly, which he sometimes leads into battle as an army.

⁶ sn In prescientific Israelite thinking the stars were associated with the angelic members of God’s heavenly assembly. See Judg 5:20; Job 38:7; Isa 40:26. In west Semitic mythology the stars were members of the high god’s divine assembly (see Isa 14:13).

⁶ tc The present translation reads הַפְּשָׁעִים (happÿsha’im, “rebellious acts”) for the MT הַפֹּשְׁעִים (happoshÿ’im, “rebels”). While the MT is understandable (cf. NIV, “when rebels have become completely wicked”), the filling up of transgressions is a familiar OT expression (cf. Gen 15:16) and fits this context well. Cf. the LXX, Theodotion, the Vulgate, and the Syriac.

⁷ tn Heb “strong of face.”

⁸ tn Heb “understanding riddles.” Possible meanings include “double-dealing” (BDB 295 s.v. חִידָה; cf. TEV, CEV) and “with a good knowledge of intrigue” (HALOT 309 s.v. חִידָה; cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

⁹ tn Heb “stand” or “stand up.”

⁷ sn The beautiful land is a cryptic reference to the land of Israel.

⁸ tn This can be understood as “many people” (cf. NRSV) or “many countries” (cf. NASB, NIV, NLT).

⁹ tn Heb “be delivered from his hand.”