7:26 But the court will convene, 2 and his ruling authority will be removed –
destroyed and abolished forever!
13:10 If anyone is meant for captivity,
into captivity he will go.
If anyone is to be killed by the sword, 10
then by the sword he must be killed.
This 11 requires steadfast endurance 12 and faith from the saints.
14:14 Then 13 I looked, and a white cloud appeared, 14 and seated on the cloud was one like a son of man! 15 He had 16 a golden crown on his head and a sharp sickle in his hand. 14:15 Then 17 another angel came out of the temple, shouting in a loud voice to the one seated on the cloud, “Use 18 your sickle and start to reap, 19 because the time to reap has come, since the earth’s harvest is ripe!” 14:16 So 20 the one seated on the cloud swung his sickle over the earth, and the earth was reaped.
14:17 Then 21 another angel came out of the temple in heaven, and he too had a sharp sickle. 14:18 Another 22 angel, who was in charge of 23 the fire, came from the altar and called in a loud voice to the angel 24 who had the sharp sickle, “Use 25 your sharp sickle and gather 26 the clusters of grapes 27 off the vine of the earth, 28 because its grapes 29 are now ripe.” 30 14:19 So 31 the angel swung his sickle over the earth and gathered the grapes from the vineyard 32 of the earth and tossed them into the great 33 winepress of the wrath of God. 14:20 Then 34 the winepress was stomped 35 outside the city, and blood poured out of the winepress up to the height of horses’ bridles 36 for a distance of almost two hundred miles. 37
19:19 Then 38 I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to do battle with the one who rode the horse and with his army. 19:20 Now 39 the beast was seized, and along with him the false prophet who had performed the signs on his behalf 40 – signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. Both of them were thrown alive into the lake of fire burning with sulfur. 41 19:21 The 42 others were killed by the sword that extended from the mouth of the one who rode the horse, and all the birds gorged 43 themselves with their flesh.
1 tn Aram “as one.” For the meaning “without distinction” see the following: F. Rosenthal, Grammar, 36, §64, and p. 93; E. Vogt, Lexicon linguae aramaicae, 60.
2 tn Aram “judgment will sit” (KJV similar).
3 tn The Hebrew term has a primary meaning of “skill, insight,” but here it has the connotation “cunning, treachery.” See BDB 968 s.v. שֵׂכֶל, שֶׂכֶל.
4 tn Heb “he will cause deceit to succeed by his hand.”
5 tn Heb “in his heart he will act arrogantly.”
6 tn Heb “in peace.” The Hebrew word used here is difficult. It may refer to the security felt by those who did not realize the danger of imminent attack, or it may refer to the condition of being unaware of the impending danger. The latter idea is reflected in the present translation. See further, BDB 1017 s.v. שַׁלְוָה.
7 tn Heb “with nothingness of hand.”
8 tn The Hebrew root occurs only here in the OT. An apparent cognate in the Ethiopic language means “walk along.” For a discussion of the research on this verb, see D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:460.
9 tn The Hebrew root occurs only here in the OT. An apparent cognate in the Ethiopic language means “walk along.” For a discussion of the research on this verb, see D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:460.
10 tc Many
11 tn On ὧδε (Jwde) here, BDAG 1101 s.v. 2 states: “a ref. to a present event, object, or circumstance, in this case, at this point, on this occasion, under these circumstances…in this case moreover 1 Cor 4:2. ὧδε ἡ σοφία ἐστίν…Rv 13:18; cf. 17:9. ὧδέ ἐστιν ἡ ὑπομονή…13:10; 14:12.”
12 tn Or “perseverance.”
13 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
14 tn Grk “and behold, a white cloud.”
15 tn This phrase constitutes an allusion to Dan 7:13. Concerning υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (Juio" tou anqrwpou), BDAG 1026 s.v. υἱός 2.d.γ says: “ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’…‘the human being, the human one, the man’…On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46-48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f)…Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56…Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13…).” The term “son” here in this expression is anarthrous and as such lacks specificity. Some commentators and translations take the expression as an allusion to Daniel 7:13 and not to “the son of man” found in gospel traditions (e.g., Mark 8:31; 9:12; cf. D. E. Aune, Revelation [WBC], 2:800-801; cf. also NIV). Other commentators and versions, however, take the phrase “son of man” as definite, involving allusions to Dan 7:13 and “the son of man” gospel traditions (see G. K. Beale, Revelation [NIGTC], 771-72; NRSV).
16 tn Grk “like a son of man, having.” In the Greek text this is a continuation of the previous sentence.
17 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
18 tn Grk “Send out.”
19 tn The aorist θέρισον (qerison) has been translated ingressively.
20 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the angel’s directions.
21 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
22 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
23 tn Grk “who had authority over.” This appears to be the angel who tended the fire on the altar.
24 tn Grk “to the one having the sharp sickle”; the referent (the angel in v. 17) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
25 tn Grk “Send.”
26 tn On this term BDAG 1018 s.v. τρυγάω states: “‘gather in’ ripe fruit, esp. harvest (grapes) w. acc. of the fruit (POslo. 21, 13 [71 ad]; Jos., Ant. 4, 227) Lk 6:44; Rv 14:18 (in imagery, as in the foll. places)…W. acc. of that which bears the fruit gather the fruit of the vine…or the vineyard (s. ἄμπελος a) Rv 14:19.”
27 tn On this term BDAG 181 s.v. βότρυς states, “bunch of grapes Rv 14:18…The word is also found in the Phrygian Papias of Hierapolis, in a passage in which he speaks of the enormous size of the grapes in the new aeon (in the Lat. transl. in Irenaeus 5, 33, 2f.): dena millia botruum Papias (1:2). On this see Stephan. Byz. s.v. Εὐκαρπία: Metrophanes says that in the district of Εὐκαρπία in Phrygia Minor the grapes were said to be so large that one bunch of them caused a wagon to break down in the middle.”
28 tn The genitive τῆς γῆς (ths ghs), taken symbolically, could be considered a genitive of apposition.
29 tn Or perhaps, “its bunches of grapes” (a different Greek word from the previous clause). L&N 3.38 states, “the fruit of grapevines (see 3.27) – ‘grape, bunch of grapes.’ τρύγησον τοὺς βότρυας τῆς ἀμπέλου τῆς γῆς, ὅτι ἤκμασαν αἱ σταφυλαὶ αὐτῆς ‘cut the grapes from the vineyard of the earth because its grapes are ripe’ Re 14:18. Some scholars have contended that βότρυς means primarily a bunch of grapes, while σταφυλή designates individual grapes. In Re 14:18 this difference might seem plausible, but there is scarcely any evidence for such a distinction, since both words may signify grapes as well as bunches of grapes.”
30 tn On the use of ἥκμασαν (hkmasan) BDAG 36 s.v. ἀκμάζω states, “to bloom…of grapes…Rv 14:18.”
31 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the angel’s directions.
32 tn Or “vine.” BDAG 54 s.v. ἄμπελος a states, “τρυγᾶν τοὺς βότρυας τῆς ἀ. τῆς γῆς to harvest the grapes fr. the vine of the earth (i.e. fr. the earth, symbol. repr. as a grapevine) Rv 14:18f; but ἀ may be taking on the meaning of ἀμπελών, as oft. in pap., possibly PHib. 70b, 2 [III bc].” The latter alternative has been followed in the translation (ἀμπελών = “vineyard”).
33 tn Although the gender of μέγαν (megan, masc.) does not match the gender of ληνόν (lhnon, fem.) it has been taken to modify that word (as do most English translations).
34 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
35 sn The winepress was stomped. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process).
36 tn L&N 6.7 states, “In Re 14:20 the reference to a bit and bridle is merely an indication of measurement, that is to say, the height of the bit and bridle from the ground, and one may reinterpret this measurement as ‘about a meter and a half’ or ‘about five feet.’”
37 tn Grk “1,600 stades.” A stade was a measure of length about 607 ft (185 m). Thus the distance here would be 184 mi or 296 km.
38 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
39 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of an unexpected development in the account: The opposing armies do not come together in battle; rather the leader of one side is captured.
40 tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”
41 tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”
42 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
43 tn On the translation of ἐχορτάσθησαν (ecortasqhsan) BDAG 1087 s.v. χορτάζω 1.a states, “of animals, pass. in act. sense πάντα τὰ ὄρνεα ἐχορτάσθησαν ἐκ τῶν σαρκῶν αὐτῶν all the birds gorged themselves with their flesh Rv 19:21 (cp. TestJud. 21:8).”
44 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
45 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
46 tn The shift here to past tense reflects the Greek text.
47 tn On the phrase “broad plain of the earth” BDAG 823 s.v. πλάτος states, “τὸ πλάτος τῆς γῆς Rv 20:9 comes fr. the OT (Da 12:2 LXX. Cp. Hab 1:6; Sir 1:3), but the sense is not clear: breadth = the broad plain of the earth is perh. meant to provide room for the countless enemies of God vs. 8, but the ‘going up’ is better suited to Satan (vs. 7) who has recently been freed, and who comes up again fr. the abyss (vs. 3).” The referent here thus appears to be a plain large enough to accommodate the numberless hoards that have drawn up for battle against the Lord Christ and his saints.
48 tn Or “surrounded.”
49 tn On the term παρεμβολή (parembolh) BDAG 775 s.v. states, “Mostly used as a military t.t.…so always in our lit.…1. a (fortified) camp…ἡ παρεμβολὴ τῶν ἁγίων Rv 20:9 is also to be understood fr. the OT use of the word.”
50 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
51 tn See L&N 20.45 for the translation of κατεσθίω (katesqiw) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”