8:20 The ram that you saw with the two horns stands for the kings of Media and Persia.
8:21 The male goat 1 is the king of Greece, 2 and the large horn between its eyes is the first king.
8:22 The horn that was broken 3 and in whose place there arose four others stands for four kingdoms that will arise from his nation, though they will not have his strength.
1 tnHeb “the he-goat, the buck.” The expression is odd, and the second word may be an explanatory gloss.
2 tnHeb “Javan.”
3 tnHeb “the broken one.” The word “horn” has been supplied in the translation to clarify the referent.