Daniel 8:23

8:23 Toward the end of their rule, when rebellious acts ¹  are complete, a rash ²  and deceitful ³  king will arise. ⁴ 

Daniel 11:1

11:1 And in the first year of Darius the Mede, I ⁵  stood to strengthen him and to provide protection for him.)

Daniel 11:31

11:31 His forces ⁶  will rise up and profane the fortified sanctuary, ⁷  stopping the daily sacrifice. In its place they will set up ⁸  the abomination that causes desolation.

¹ tc The present translation reads הַפְּשָׁעִים (happÿsha’im, “rebellious acts”) for the MT הַפֹּשְׁעִים (happoshÿ’im, “rebels”). While the MT is understandable (cf. NIV, “when rebels have become completely wicked”), the filling up of transgressions is a familiar OT expression (cf. Gen 15:16) and fits this context well. Cf. the LXX, Theodotion, the Vulgate, and the Syriac.

² tn Heb “strong of face.”

³ tn Heb “understanding riddles.” Possible meanings include “double-dealing” (BDB 295 s.v. חִידָה; cf. TEV, CEV) and “with a good knowledge of intrigue” (HALOT 309 s.v. חִידָה; cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

⁴ tn Heb “stand” or “stand up.”

⁵ sn The antecedent of the pronoun “I” is the angel, not Daniel. The traditional chapter division at this point, and the presence of a chronological note in the verse similar to ones used elsewhere in the book to position Daniel’s activities in relation to imperial affairs, sometimes lead to confusion on this matter.

⁹ tn Heb “arms.”

¹⁰ tn Heb “the sanctuary, the fortress.”

¹¹ tn Heb “will give.”