Daniel 8:3

8:3 I looked up ¹  and saw ²  a ³  ram with two horns standing at the canal. Its two horns were both long, ⁴  but one was longer than the other. The longer one was coming up after the shorter one.

Daniel 8:20

8:20 The ram that you saw with the two horns stands for the kings of Media and Persia.

Daniel 8:6-7

8:6 It came to the two-horned ram that I had seen standing beside the canal and rushed against it with raging strength. ⁵  8:7 I saw it approaching the ram. It went into a fit of rage against the ram ⁶  and struck it ⁷  and broke off its two horns. The ram had no ability to resist it. ⁸  The goat hurled the ram ⁹  to the ground and trampled it. No one could deliver the ram from its power. ¹⁰ 

¹ tn Heb “lifted my eyes.”

² tn Heb “and behold.”

³ tn Heb “one.” The Hebrew numerical adjective occasionally functions like an English indefinite article. See GKC 401 §125.b.

⁴ tn Heb “high” (also “higher” later in this verse).

⁵ tn Heb “the wrath of its strength.”

⁹ tn Heb “him.”

¹⁰ tn Heb “the ram.”

¹¹ tn Heb “stand before him.”

¹² tn Heb “he hurled him.” The referents of both pronouns (the male goat and the ram) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹³ sn The goat of Daniel’s vision represents Greece; the large horn represents Alexander the Great. The ram stands for Media-Persia. Alexander’s rapid conquest of the Persians involved three battles of major significance which he won against overwhelming odds: Granicus (334 B.C.), Isus (333 B.C.), and Gaugemela (331 B.C.).