Deuteronomy 16:16

16:16 Three times a year all your males must appear before the Lord your God in the place he chooses for the Festival of Unleavened Bread, the Festival of Weeks, and the Festival of Temporary Shelters; and they must not appear before him ¹  empty-handed.

Luke 2:42-44

2:42 When ²  he was twelve years old, ³  they went up ⁴  according to custom. 2:43 But ⁵  when the feast was over, ⁶  as they were returning home, ⁷  the boy Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem. His ⁸  parents ⁹  did not know it, 2:44 but (because they assumed that he was in their group of travelers) ¹⁰  they went a day’s journey. Then ¹¹  they began to look for him among their relatives and acquaintances. ¹² 

Luke 9:53

9:53 but the villagers ¹³  refused to welcome ¹⁴  him, because he was determined to go to Jerusalem. ¹⁵ 

¹ tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 16:1.

² tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

³ sn According to the Mishnah, the age of twelve years old is one year before a boy becomes responsible for his religious commitments (m. Niddah 5.6).

⁴ tc Most mss, especially later ones (A C^vid Θ Ψ 0130 Ë^1,13 33 Ï lat) have εἰς ῾Ιεροσόλυμα (eij" &ierosoluma, “to Jerusalem”) here, but the ms support for the omission is much stronger (א B D L W 579 1241 pc co); further, the longer reading clarifies what they went up to and thus looks like a motivated reading.

⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated contrastively in keeping with the context. This outcome is different from what had happened all the times before.

⁶ tn Grk “when the days ended.”

⁷ tn The word “home” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied for clarity.

⁸ tn Grk “And his.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

⁹ tc Most mss, especially later ones (A C Ψ 0130 ˹³ Ï it), read ᾿Ιωσὴφ καὶ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ (Iwshf kai Jh mhthr aujtou, “[both] Joseph and his mother”), a reading evidently intended to insulate the doctrine of the virgin conception of our Lord. But א B D L W Θ Ë¹ 33 579 1241 pc lat sa read οἱ γονεῖς αὐτοῦ (Joi gonei" autou, “his parents”) as in the translation. Such motivated readings as the former lack credibility, especially since the better witnesses affirm the virgin conception of Christ in Luke 1:34-35.

¹⁰ sn An ancient journey like this would have involved a caravan of people who traveled together as a group for protection and fellowship.

¹¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

¹² tn Or “and friends.” See L&N 28.30 and 34.17.

¹³ tn Grk “they”; the referent (the villagers) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹⁴ tn Or “did not receive”; this verb, δέχομαι (decomai), is a term of hospitality or welcome (L&N 34.53).

¹⁵ tn Grk “because his face was set toward Jerusalem.”