Deuteronomy 25:1-2

25:1 If controversy arises between people, they should go to court for judgment. When the judges hear the case, they shall exonerate the innocent but condemn the guilty. 25:2 Then, if the guilty person is sentenced to a beating, the judge shall force him to lie down and be beaten in his presence with the number of blows his wicked behavior deserves.

John 7:51

7:51 “Our law doesn’t condemn a man unless it first hears from him and learns what he is doing, does it?” 10 

John 18:24

18:24 Then Annas sent him, still tied up, 11  to Caiaphas the high priest. 12 


tn Heb “men.”

tn Heb “they”; the referent (the judges) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

tn Heb “declare to be just”; KJV, NASB “justify the righteous”; NAB, NIV “acquitting the innocent.”

tn Heb “declare to be evil”; NIV “condemning the guilty (+ party NAB).”

tn Heb “and it will be.”

tn Heb “if the evil one is a son of smiting.”

tn Heb “according to his wickedness, by number.”

tn Grk “judge.”

tn Grk “knows.”

10 tn Questions prefaced with μή (mh) in Greek anticipate a negative answer. This can sometimes be indicated by using a “tag” at the end in English (here the tag is “does it?”).

11 tn Or “still bound.”

12 sn Where was Caiaphas the high priest located? Did he have a separate palace, or was he somewhere else with the Sanhedrin? Since Augustine (4th century) a number of scholars have proposed that Annas and Caiaphas resided in different wings of the same palace, which were bound together by a common courtyard through which Jesus would have been led as he was taken from Annas to Caiaphas. This seems a reasonable explanation, although there is no conclusive evidence.